Show:
Seismic Waves
Plate Boundaries
Earthquakes 101
Earth's Layers
Miscellaneous
100

The seismic waves that travel through both solids and liquids

P waves
100

What are the three types of plate boundaries

Convergent, divergent, and transform

100
What is an earthquake?

The abrupt shaking of the earth's surface caused by the sudden release of energy at a transform fault

100

What is the lithosphere?

The rigid outer shell of the earth, consisting of the crust and the upper portion of the mantle

100

What instrument detects seismic waves?

seismographs

200

The seismic waves that only travel through solids and cause serpentine motion

S waves

200
What is a convergent boundary?

A boundary where two tectonic plates move toward each other

200

What causes earthquakes?

release of pressure built up at transform boundaries

200

What is the asthenosphere?

The semi-fluid layer beneath the lithosphere where convection occurs

200

As you go up one level on the MM scale, shaking increases by ____ and energy release increases by ____

Shaking increases by 10

Energy release increases by 32

300

The seismic waves that are responsible for the damage during an earthquake

Surface waves


300

What is a divergent boundary?

A boundary where two tectonic plates move away from each other

300

What are aftershocks?

smaller tremors that occur after the mainshock of an earthquake


300

What are the four layers of the earth? (hint: there were TWO different ways we name the layers)

1) Crust, Mantle, Outer Core, Inner Core

2) Lithosphere, Asthenosphere, Outer Core, Inner Core

300

Which type of fault results in the hanging wall sliding upward in relation to the footwall?

Normal fault

400

An area on Earth's surface that receives no seismic waves from an earthquake due to refraction or blockage

Shadow zone

400

What is a transform boundary?

A boundary where two tectonic plates slide past each other horizontally

400

What is the difference between the focus and the epicenter?

The focus is the true source of the earthquake underneath the surface of the earth

The epicenter is the point on the earth's surface directly above the focus

400

temperature ____________ as you go deeper into the earth

pressure ___________ as you go deeper into the earth

increases

increases

400

Why is studying earthquakes important to geology or humanity?

-identified internal structure

-evidence for tectonic plates

-get data about past earthquakes to predict future ones

-design better buildings, roads, etc.

500

Explain how seismic wave behavior helps us know what lies underneath earth's surface

P waves travel through liquids and solids but bend at boundaries. S waves cannot travel through liquids. By looking at shadow zones from each, we know that at a certain depth, the P waves are bent and S waves are blocked, which means that the earth must turn to liquid there
500
What geologic feature would be formed by an oceanic-continental convergent boundary?

Coastal volcanic mountain range

500

What is the difference between the Moment Magnitude and Mercalli Intensity Scales? 

MM: based on the amplitude of the waves and distance from the epicenter. It is quantitative

Mercalli: based on personal observations and level of damage. It is qualitative

500

What physical state (solid, liquid, gas) are all the layers of the earth?

Lithosphere=solid

Asthenosphere=semi-solid

Outer core=liquid

Inner core=solid

500

describe the process of triangulation

We collect date from at least three seismographs to see how far each of them is from the earthquake. We draw a circle around each seismograph, where the radius is equal to the distance from the epicenter. The point where all three circles intersect is the epicenter