DEFINE THAT!
DEFINE DISACCHARIDE.
CARBOHYDRATE CONSISTING OF TWO MONOSACCHARIDES BONDED TOGETHER
WHAT IS PEPSINOGEN?
INACTIVE FORM OF PEPSIN, PRODUCED IN THE STOMACH
WHAT THE STRUCTURE OF AN OMEGA-3 FATTY ACID?
A FATTY ACID IN WHICH THE FIRST DOUBLE BOND IS BETWEEN THE THIRD AND FOURTH CARBONS FROM THE OMEGA / METHYL END.
Name the monosaccharides.
Glucose, fructose, galactose.
What are three risk factors for cardiovascular disease?
Non-modifiable: age, male gender, genetics. Modifiable: smoking, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, physical inactivity, overweight/obesity, type 2 diabetes.
DEFINE CHOLESTEROL.
A STEROL FOUND IN ANIMAL FOODS AND MADE IN THE BODY. COMPONENT OF BILE ACID AND STEROID HORMONES.
WHICH ENZYME STARTS CARBOHYDRATE DIGESTION IN THE MOUTH?
SALIVARY AMYLASE
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF AN UNSATURATED FATTY ACID?
A FATTY ACID THAT CONTAINS AT LEASE ONE DOUBLE CARBON-CARBON BOND IN THEIR BACKBONE.
WHAT ARE THE THREE COMPONENTS OF TOTAL ENERGY EXPENDITURE?
BASAL METABOLISM, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND THERMIC EFFECT OF FOOD.
What are signs of diabetes?
Polyuria, polydipsia, unexplained weight loss, hyperglycemia.
DEFINE LIPASE.
AN ENZYME THAT CLEAVES FATTY ACIDS FROM THEIR GLYCEROL BACKBONE
WHAT IS LIPOLYSIS?
THE BREAKDOWN OF TRIGLYCERIDES INTO FATTY ACIDS AND GLYCEROL MOLECULES
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A SATURATED FATTY ACID?
FATTY ACIDS THAT CONTAIN ONLY CARBON-CARBON SINGLE BONDS IN THEIR BACKBONE
WHAT DOES THE LIPOPROTEIN HDL DO?
PICKS UP EXCESS CHOLESTEROL FROM THE BODY (NON-LIVER CELLS) AND BRINGS IT BACK TO THE LIVER.
Name a disease of the digestive tract.
Celiac disease, IBS, IBD.
DEFINE DENATURATION.
THE ALTERATION OF A PROTEIN'S 3-D STRUCTURE BY HEAT, CHEMICALS, ACID, ENZYMES, OR AGITATION.
WHAT DOES A PROTEASE DO?
ENZYME THAT BREAKS DOWN PEPTIDE BONDS.
WHAT IS THE STRUCTURE OF A LIPOPROTEIN?
PARTICLES MADE OF TRIGLYCERIDES, CHOLESTEROL, CHOLESTEROL ESTERS, PHOSPHOLIPIDS, AND PROTEINS
WHAT IS THE BMI OF SOMEONE THAT IS 5'10" AND WEIGHS 148 LBS?
21.2 - HEALTHY WEIGHT
Name an inherited disease of metabolism.
PKU or MSUD
DEFINE GLYCOLYSIS.
THE METABOLIC PATHWAY THAT SPLITS GLUCOSE INTO TWO 3-CARBON MOLECULES CALLED PYRUVATE.
WHAT ARE THE TWO PHASES OF LIPID DIGESTION IN THE SMALL INTESTINE?
PHASE I: EMUSIFICATION AND PHASE II: ENZYME DIGESTION
WHAT IS A TRANS DOUBLE BOND?
A CARBON-CARBON DOUBLE BOND IN WHICH THE HYDROGENS ARE POSITIONED ON THE SAME SIDE OF THE DOUBLE BOND.
WHAT ARE THE THREE STEPS OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIS?
1. CELL SIGNALING, 2. TRANSCRIPTION, 3. TRANSLATION
What are the differences between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1 diabetes - genetic, pancreas no longer makes insulin. Type 2 diabetes - insulin resistance, pancreas is still making insulin, can be prevented.