Classical & Operant Conditioning
This type of conditioning involved associating stimuli with events
What is classical conditioning?
This type of reinforcement involves adding something pleasant to increase a behavior.
What is positive reinforcement?
This type of memory involves remembering events that happened at a particular time and place.
What is episodic memory?
This is the initial experience of perceiving and learning information.
What is encoding?
This occurs when a person who witnessed a crime later describes what happened or identifies a suspect.
What is eyewitness testimony?
This psychologist is most closely associated with classical conditioning and famously studied dogs' salivation.
Who is Ivan Pavlov?
This type of reinforcement involves removing something unpleasant to increase a behavior.
What is negative reinforcement?
Knowing that Austin is the capital of Texas is an example of this type of memory.
What is semantic memory?
This refers to maintaining information over time.
What is storage?
This person was wrongfully convicted after being identified as a rapist by Jennifer Thompson and was later exonerated through DNA evidence.
Who is Ronald Cotton?
A stimulus that automatically produces a response without prior training is called this.
What is an unconditioned stimulus (US)?
A student gets extra credit for attending class, making them more likely to attend. This is an example of this.
What is positive reinforcement?
This type of memory allows you to briefly hold information in your mind and work with it.
What is working memory?
This involves taking information from one form and converting it into a way that makes sense to you.
What is recoding?
Name two factors that can increase eyewitness errors.
Poor vision, poor viewing conditions, stress, short viewing time, delay, or different race.
A stimulus that initially produces no specific response but eventually produces a response after conditioning is called this.
What is a conditioned stimulus (CS)?
A loud alarm stops when you buckle your seatbelt, making you more likely to buckle your seatbelt in the future. This is an example of this.
What is negative reinforcement?
The three basic processes of memory are encoding, storage, and this.
What is retrieval?
A vivid memory of finding out about an important or emotional event is called this.
What is a flashbulb memory?
At least this percentage of DNA exoneration cases have involved faulty eyewitness testimony.
What is 75%?
A student studies every night because their parents allow them to play video games afterward. This is an example of this type of conditioning and consequence.
What is operant conditioning and positive reinforcement?
A teenager loses their phone for breaking curfew. The goal is to decrease the behavior. This is an example of this.
What is negative punishment?
You remember a birthday party especially well because something unusual happened that made the event stand out from everything else. This memory principle is called this.
What is distinctiveness?
A person remembers information differently because incorrect information they received after an event became incorporated into their memory. This is called what?
What is the misinformation effect?
A witness sees a crime but later receives incorrect information about what happened. The incorrect information changes the witness's memory. What phenomenon does this demonstrate?
What is the misinformation effect?