problems solving/decision making
A problem solving approach in psych that follows step-by-step procedures that provide the correct answer to a particular problems
Algorithms
A type of mental short-cut in which we judge things by how well they represent or match our prototypes
Representative Heuristics
All of the mental actions or processes associated with the acquisition of knowledge and understanding through thought, experience, memory, communication and the senses.
Cognition
Failure to access/retrieve information previously stored in memory
Forgetting
Old information blocks the recall of new information
Proactive interference
The tendency to search for information that supports our preconceptions/ideas/beliefs AND to ignore or distort contradictory evidence
Confirmation bias
A mental short-cut in which we estimate the likelihood of events based on their availability in memory & how frequently we come into contact with them
Available Heuristics
Mental groupings of similar objects, events, ideas or people that are created in an attempt to simplify our world
Concepts
Explicit/episodic/declarative memories are stored in what three areas of the brain....
Amygdala, Hippocampus, Frontal Cortex
Process that encodes new memories so that they can be recalled/retrieved later
Consolidation
Sudden answer to a question/problem
Insight
Our tendency to be overly confident & to overestimate the accuracy of our beliefs, opinions & judgements
Overconfidence
An early proponent of the idea that intelligence is not a unitary concept, this famous psychometrist believed that creativity is the ability to produce novel & valuable ideas & he is also famous for coining the phrases convergent & divergent thought
JP Guilford
Implicit/procedural memories are stored in these two brain areas....
Cerebellum & Basal Ganglia
Process in which recalled memories are strengthened, maintained and modified
Reconsolidation
Our tendency to approach a problem in one way, usually because it’s been successful in the past
Mental Set
Our tendency to hold firmly onto our beliefs even after the basis on which that belief was formed…..has been discredited
Belief Perseverance
These allow us to:
create categories
make inferences
combine them to form complex thoughts
communicate w/others
Concepts
This important neurotransmitter plays a vital role in learning and memory
Acetylcholine
When exposed to misleading information, we tend to misremember
Misinformation effect
The tendency to perceive or notice some aspects of the available sensory data and ignore others
Perceptual Set
An example of a cognitive bias in which people react to a particular choice in different ways depending on how it is presented
Framing
Mrs. Perry's top 3 favorite psychologists(to this point)
Bandura, Loftus & Seligman
This theory discusses the decline of memory retention over time stating that it starts out steep but then declines over time
Ebbinghaus Forgetting Curve 1885
Remembering the information correctly, but being unable to identify when, how, why you know the information
Source amnesia/misattribution