Enzymes & Homeostasis
Feedback Loops
Cell Cycle
Mitosis
Cancer & Apoptosis
100
The macromolecule that typically makes up enzymes.
What is a protein?
100
The type of feedback loop that maintains homeostasis.
What is a negative feedback loop?
100
The phases of the cell cycle (list 4).
What are G1, S, G2, and M phase?
100
The reasons why multicellular organisms do mitosis.
What is for growth, repair, and replacement of body cells?
100
The definition and purpose of apoptosis.
What is programmed cell death and to remove harmful and unnecessary cells?
200
The name of the process caused by non-optimal environmental conditions that results in the deformation and loss of function of enzymes.
What is denaturation?
200
The type of feedback loop that amplifies a stimulus.
What is a positive feedback loop?
200
The phase of the cell cycle on this diagram during which DNA synthesis occurs.
What is C?
200
The end result of mitosis.
What is two identical diploid somatic daughter cells?
200
At the cellular level, what results in tumor formation.
What is uncontrolled cell division (mitosis)?
300
The effect of increasing temperature on enzyme activity.
What is increases enzyme activity up to a point when the enzyme denatures, then reduces activity?
300
The type of feedback loop shown in this diagram.
What is a negative feedback loop?
300
The purpose of the G2 checkpoint in the cell cycle
What is to check for cell size and DNA replication?
300
The name of this phase of mitosis.
What is metaphase?
300
The difference between proto-oncogenes and oncogenes.
What is genes that promote healthy cell division and genes that keep cell division going without stopping?
400
A description of how enzymes and substrates interact. (key vocab: active site, activation energy)
What is substrates bind to the active site of enzymes, lowering activation energy, and catalyzing chemical reactions?
400
The type of feedback loop and an explanation why.
What is a positive feedback loop and because the stimulus's effect is amplified?
400
The purpose of a checkpoint in stage B of the diagram.
What is to check for nutrients (organelles, RNA, proteins), growth factors, and DNA damage?
400
The number of chromosomes and sister chromatids in this image.
What are 9 chromosomes and 18 sister chromatids?
400
The type of cells most likely to be impacted by chemotherapy based on Figure 5.2.
What are intestine-internal lining cells and skin cells?
500
The optimal temperature (°C) and pH values for the enzyme shown in the graph.
What are 45°C and 9?
500
The type of feedback loop shown in this diagram.
What is a positive feedback loop?
500
The purpose of a checkpoint in F of the diagram.
What is to check for chromosome spindle attachment?
500
A possible consequence of a failure in the metaphase checkpoint.
What is aneuploidy (improper number of chromosomes in each cell)?
500
The effect of extract concentration on mitotic index.
Background: The extract was taken from the leaves of Pistacia terebinthus L., a deciduous tree from North Africa. Methotrexate, an anticancer drug, is used for comparison.
Curr, & Nazim, Bellifa. (2020). MAPs 128 Research Article Curr. 128-134.
What is the mitotic index decreases with increasing extract concentration?