Organic Molecules
The most basic and smallest unit of matter
atom
This protein shape is complex, usually hydrophilic, but more sensitive to changes like heat and pH
Globular proteins
What type of lipid has 1 phosphate group, 1 glycerol, and 2 fatty acids
Phospholipid
What are the 4 structural features of all cells?
cell membrane, cytoplasm, DNA, ribosomes
These types of transport require energy
Membrane pump, endocytosis, exocytosis, receptor mediated endocytosis
Name the type of bond that has equal sharing of electrons and is hydrophobic (be specific)
Nonpolar covalent bond
These three levels are seen in all proteins
Primary, secondary, tertiary
What are the four main polysaccharides for carbohydrates
Starch, glycogen, cellulose, chitin
What are the 4 features that make up the cell membrane
Carbohydrate, protein, cholesterol, phospholipids
These mechanisms use protein for transport
Facilitated diffusion, membrane pump, receptor mediated endocytosis
Chemical process of building a polymer (hint: water is removed)
dehydration synthesis
This type of protein function protects the body from harm (example would be antibodies)
Defense
The head is hydrophilic (polar) and the tail is hydrophobic (non polar)
Name the 8 levels of organization in order
Atom, molecule, organelle, cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
In chemical synapses, neurotransmitters are released at the synaptic cleft. What type of transport is this
Exocytosis
Chemical process of breaking a polymer (hint: water is added)
hydrolysis
This type of protein function speeds up chemical reactions in the body
enzymes
Why is it hard for us humans to digest cellulose
We don't have the enzyme cellulase
This organelle modifies, finishes, sorts, packages, and ships products of the endoplasmic reticulum (they also produce lysosomes and transport vesicles)
Golgi Apparatus
This type of tonicity has higher solute concentration outside the cell membrane and water exits the cell causing it to shrink
Hypertonic
List all the functional groups and their corresponding properties
Hydroxyl (polar/hydrophillic), Carbonyl (polar/hydrophillic), Carboxyl (polar/hydrophillic), amino (polar/hydrophillic), phosphate (polar/hydrophillic), and methyl (nonpolar, hydrophobic)
What levels of a protein is destroyed when the protein is denatured
Secondary, tertiary, quarternary
What are the four main functions of carbohydrates
Short term energy, long term energy, structure, and cell signaling
Name the 3 components of the cytoskeleton and their function
Microfilaments (support cell shape/cell motility)
Intermediate filaments (reinforce cell shape)
Microtubules (gives cell rigidity and acts as a track for for movement of internal cell parts)
This type of passive transport doesn't require energy but it uses a protein to go from high to low molecule concentration
Facilitated diffusion