What is they were all about scientists who observed evolution happening?
100
a situation in which allele frequencies remain constant
What is genetic equilibrium?
100
the process by which unrelated organisms independently evolve similarities when adapting to similar environments
What is convergent evolution?
100
a branching diagram showing the evolutionary relationship between a number of species
What is a cladogram?
100
The DNA sequences of closely related organisms, like chimpanzees and humans, are this
What is similar?
200
the main idea of the bacteria paper
What is evolution doesn't stop occurring, even though the environment is stable?
200
allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause the frequencies to change
What is the Hardy Weinberg Principle?
200
the process by which a species diverges into two or more descendant species, resulting in once similar or related species to become more and more dissimilar
What is divergent evolution?
200
The two types of traits used to determine how closely related two species are.
What is anatomy and genetics?
200
this field compares the early development of organisms, as some traits are present then which are lost as adults give important information about their evolutionary past
What is embryology?
300
This is evidence that the two groups of fruit flies are on their way to becoming separate species.
What is they don't mate in the wild and, when forced to mate, their offspring are sterile?
300
In order for a population to be in genetic equilibrium, all mating must be this.
What is random?
300
similar body parts or structures that evolved independently in different lineages
What is an analogous trait?
300
the study of evolutionary relatedness among various groups of organisms using genetics and anatomy
What is phylogenetics?
300
this field was used to construct the evolutionary history of the flightless birds (emu, ostrich, and rhea), which now live on different continents
What is biogeography?
400
after a drought occurred on the Galapagos island of Daphne Major, the finches that survived had this type of beak
What are big ones?
400
In order for genetic equilibrium to be occurring, this process, which involves new alleles being formed, cannot happen.
What is mutation?
400
structures that show common ancestry because, while they have different mature forms in different organisms, they develop from the same embryonic tissue
What is a homologous trait?
400
Each node in a cladogram represents this.
What is a common ancestor?
400
One example of this is the pelvis of the whale, which isn't used by the whale but was used in the ancestors of the whale.
What is a vestigial organ?
500
In a pond that does not contain predators, this is how the male guppies will look.
What is colorful?
500
In order for a population to be in genetic equilibrium, all individuals must have an equal chance of surviving and reproducing. Thus, this process cannot occur.
What is natural selection?
500
An example of this is how one species of finch from mainland South America evolved into fifteen different species of finches on the Galapagos islands.
What is divergent evolution?
500
the organism in this cladogram that evolved first
What is the shark?
500
these remains of extinct organisms are used to explain the "over time" part of change over time