Mantle Convection
What are the layers of the Earth?
Core, mantle, crust
What is Pangea and how has it changed over time?
Pangea is the name of the supercontinent (when all the continents were still together). It broke apart as plate tectonics moved over the years.
What are the two main types of weathering?
Mechanical (or physical) and chemical
What is the main effect volcanic eruptions have on human health?
Ashes causing respiratory issues.
Where do convection currents happen?
MANTLE
What type of waves are used to measure earthquakes?
S and P waves (seismic waves)
Why is the rock cycle called a "cycle"?
Rock is formed, broken down, and formed again
Name one POSITIVE impact volcanic eruptions can have on a community.
Fertile soil
Tourism
What process causes plate tectonic movement?
Divergent <--- --->
Convergent ---><---
Transform ^v
What is erosion? Name at least 3 agents of erosion.
Erosion is the movement of weathered material.
Agents of erosion:
water
ice
wind
human activity
sulfur dioxide (SO2)
What process generates the heat inside of Earth's core?
Radioactive decay
List the three types of plate boundaries and ONE EXAMPLE of what type of landforms each one can create?
Divergent boundary: volcano, ocean ridge, new crust
Convergent boundary: mountain, ocean trench, volcano
Transform boundary: earthquake, fault line
How does rock type affect the environment?
Weathered rock creates soil.
Name 2 examples of landforms that volcanic eruptions can create.
Calderas
Mountains
Volcanic islands
Hotspots
Hotter is less dense, and colder is more dense. So heat rises and cold sinks, which creates convection currents.
Why do most volcanoes occur along the ________ plate boundary?
Pacific
It is convergent
Name 4 factors that affect soil formation.
Time
Climate
Parent material
Plants/animals
Topography
How do volcanic eruptions affect the climate? EXPLAIN.
Global cooling because ash reduced sunlight reaching Earth.