Energy on the Move
What is the transfer of energy through direct contact between particles?
Conduction
Name one characteristic of a mineral other than solid.
Inorganic, naturally occurring, defined chemical composition, or crystal structure
Shiny metallic luster, gold color, hardness of 6–6.5, greenish-black streak.
Pyrite
What are the three main types of rocks?
Igneous, Metamorphic, and Sedimentary
What type of energy transfer can travel through empty space, like sunlight reaching Earth?
Radiation
What’s the main difference between a rock and a mineral?
Rocks are made of one or more minerals; minerals have a definite composition
Nonmetallic, colorless to white, hardness of 2, can be scratched with a fingernail, used in drywall.
Gypsum
What type of rock forms when magma or lava cools and hardens?
Igneous
In convection, what causes warm material to rise and cool material to sink?
Differences in Density
What two elements make up all silicate minerals?
Silicon and Oxygen
Glassy luster, hardness of 7, no cleavage, scratches glass, common silicate mineral.
Quartz
What type of rock forms from heat and pressure deep within the Earth?
Metemorphic
What type of energy transfer mainly occurs in the Earth’s mantle?
Convection
What test is used to determine a mineral’s resistance to being scratched?
Hardness
Magnetic, metallic luster, black streak, hardness of 6.
Magnetite
What process breaks down rocks into smaller pieces?
Weathering
Why does metal feel colder than wood at the same temperature?
Metal conducts energy better
Explain why color alone is not a reliable way to identify a mineral.
Many minerals come in multiple colors
Nonmetallic, clear to white, hardness of 3, reacts with acid, rhombohedral cleavage.
Calcite
What process compacts and cements sediments into solid rock?
Lithification (compaction and cementation)