Chap 7 development
The 4 areas of development are: Physical, Social, ______ and ______
Emotional and Intellectual
List 3 characteristics of respectful communication skills.
Any relevant: eye contact, active listening, not disrupting, respond appropriately, body language demonstrating engagement, personal space/distance between the other person, speak appropriate volume etc.
Name the 3 stages of prenatal development.
Germinal, Embryonic, Foetal
Identify 1 allied health service
counselling and psychology
nutrition
chiropractic
optometry
podiatry
physiotherapy
pharmacy.
Identify 2 barriers for youth accessing health services
cost, time, stigma, location, confidentiality concerns, accessibility... etc etc.
Stage of prenatal development where teratogens are most impactful
Embryonic stage
Describe the concept of trust (without using the term in the description)
Trust: belief that others are reliable, having confidence in them, feel safe around them.
(or similar)
Explain one way that parents can optimise the development of an infant/young child.
Any area of PIES.
Numerous responses permitted. Some examples:
Social - talking to infant / responding when they 'serve' a cue - developing communication skills
Intellectual - reading and interactive play-based learning (language development / problem solving)
Physical - playing with children/providing opportunities to learn new motor skills - riding bike / building blocks etc.
Emotional - encouraging/support when completing new activities - can help develop self concept and resilience
etc etc
Must have a link to parent engagement (positive) PLUS a clear link to the specific area of development.
Select either: medicare / PBS / NDIS.
Explain one way your selected health service can promote the health outcomes for youth.
MANY responses!!
can refer to HWB or HS indicators
must refer to a specific aspect of the selected service. IE. bulk billing through Medicare = positive mental health due to reduced financial pressures while accessing healthcare.
NDIS - can reduce social isolation due to access to support staff/assisting in getting out into the community, resulting in lower morbidity rates (due to depression) in youth with disability
PBS - the PBS safety net allows individuals and families with large expenses are permitted to pay concessional rates once the yearly threshold has been reached. This enables longer term accessibility to lifesaving medications, promoting life expectancy.
Explain how health literacy levels may act as a barrier to accessing health services
An individual who has low health literacy may not be able to navigate the healthcare system easily - they may not know who to contact / how to access services or know how to apply information given to them. They may revert to accessing unreliable information online.
Behaviours, relationships skills and communication skills are characteristics of ___________ development
Social
Outline how a relationship that is unhealthy MAY impact upon social health and well being.
Any appropriate example:
A person who is being kept away from family and friends may have limited social interaction with these people and may have difficulty communicating and maintaining those relationships.
Outline 1 dietary choice that a pregnant person may make to ensure optimal development of the developing baby. (explain impact)
A pregnant person may avoid unpasturised foods like soft cheeses to avoid bacteria such as lysteria which can cause complications with prenatal development. (miscarriage)
- alcohol consumption (risk) FASD/low birth weight
- folate (protective) neural tube defects
- increase dietary intake (protective) increase energy for growth of baby
- tobacco/drugs not permitted -must be dietary (food/drink)
List a protective or risk nutrient
Explain the impact - either positive or negative
List 3 eligibility criteria for accessing NDIS funding.
Australian citizen/permanent resident/hold a protected visa
under age 65
disability must be permanent
disability must be significant (impacts daily life)
support likely needed for lifetime
Digital media creates opportunities for some barriers to be minimised - allowing youth greater access to health services. Identify 1 barrier. Explain how the use of digitised services can minimise this barrier.
Location - digital tech enables people to access telehealth appointments, so traveling long distances is minimised.
Cost - many telehealth services are bulk billed, so financial issues can be reduced.
Confidentiality - accessing services online limits face to face contact with others in public waiting rooms
Language barriers - many digitised services offer translated information into various languages / Google translate can assist
Moving through the stages of development (PIES) eg transitioning from youth to adulthood is influenced by a range of factors. List 3 egs.
Age, hormones (physical), social expectations/roles, getting married later, being in school longer, starting a family later in life, living at home for longer...
etc etc.
Explain how one area of physical development may be impacted by a respectful relationship. (Must include a key aspect of phys dev. AND a clear link to a respectful relationship)
A child who is looked after by their parents and not neglected should be well fed, gaining the nutrients required to grow appropriately and have energy for playing sports (developing motor skills).
Answers can relate to development of body systems/ motor skills or growth
Select one of the following parenting styles and explain 1 way in which development may be promoted and 1 way in which it could be limited
Permissive / Authoritative / Uninvolved / Authrotarian
Link to PIES
Various answers. Must link to PIES. Must use key characteristics of parenting style to demonstrate application of knowledge.
Eg. Uninvolved parents may cause a lack of emotional development in their children as they may dismiss feelings displayed, resulting in children to bottle emotions or respond to emotional situations in inappropriate ways. This parenting style may allow a child to develop their problem solving capacity (intell.dev) as their parents are not actively involved in their learning and may become more independent earlier on due to freedom to get things done by themselves (social dev).
Local and community services can assist in promoting the health and wellbeing of youth Eg. places of worship, sporting clubs, youth hubs etc. Select one service and explain HOW it could promote 2 dimensions of health and wellbeing.
Various answers apply. Must refer to two specific dimensions, clear characteristics of the dimension and a clear link to the service.
Eg. A place or worship may promote an individual's spiritual health and wellbeing as it provides a place to experience peace, harmony and practice their personal values.
It may also enhance social health and wellbeing by bringing people with similar beliefs together, developing social connections with others in the community.
Digital technologies can create some challenges with accessing and applying health information.
List 4 challenges.
MANY: can include...
Not all online sources are accurate or reliable.
Provider of the information or advice may not be qualified.
No discussion involved, just gaining information
Increasing the risk of people misdiagnosing their health concerns
etc etc.
List 2 out of the 5 characteristics that fall under intellectual development.
Eg. Attention
Knowledge and memory
Language
Thought patterns (and problem solving)
Creativity and imagination
Explain how respectful relationships can impact intellectual development.
Note: relationship type is not always friends/family/romantic
If a person has a good relationship with a coach or teacher, this can lead to encouragement when mistakes happen, allowing the individual to attempt again - encouraging thought patterns and problem solving skills to develop.
Must include a reference to intellectual development (knowledge / attention / creativity and imagination /memory / language/ thought patterns / problem solving)
Explain, using an example, the concept of 'intergenerational health and wellbeing'
Intergenerational health and wellbeing refers to the health of one generation impacting that of another generation/future generations.
Eg. If a pregnant person smokes, the toxins and chemicals can impact the health of themselves as well as the developing foetus. This can also impact the health of their future child as reproductive cells of the foetus are also developing during this stage.
Other examples - stress passed on through generations / gut microbiome / epigenetics (genetic function - influenced by various factors including trauma/pollutants/stress/poor diet etc.)
There are two situations where a health service, such as a doctor, pharmacy, hospital or maternal and child health centre, may be required to share medical information without the patient’s consent: what are they?
if the patient or someone else’s health and wellbeing or safety are seriously threatened
when the information will reduce or prevent a serious threat to public health or safety
Outline the process in making a formal complaint through the HCC.
- take the issue up with the provider first
- if not resolved, lodge a complaint with HCC
- HCC reviews and is referred or declined
- early resolution: complaint is discussed between both parties
(next step if not resolved)
- formal resolution - documented resolution process. written complaint and resolution plan sent to practitioner
(next step if not resolved)
- investigation - large or highly complex matters. investigation may be undertaken for services/companies or individual practitioners.