Brit Empire + Autonomy (2.0)
What changed in the territory of the Dominion of Canada from 1873 to 1905? (aka what happened to the provinces?)
- New provinces created: Alberta + Saskatchewan + Yukon
- QC + Ontario + Manitoba -> grew in size
- North West Territories = smaller
What was the immigration policy under Laurier gov?
Years: 1896 to 1914
Purpose: Boost econ growth by promoting settlement in Western Canada
- Laurier expanded/continued Macdonald's immigration policy (national policy)
- Targeted euro immigrants
Strategies: Brochures, free land, paying for travel costs
What did the 2nd phase of industrialization consist of?
- New industrial sectors
- Hydroelectricity
- US became a bigger exporter/importer
- Mauricie, Saguenay, Outaouais
- Foreign market (mainly exports to US)
What did Francophones and Anglophones disagree/shared different thoughts on?
- Policies the federal gov should adopt (regarding Brit Empire)
- Sense of belonging
-> Anglos: British Imperialism (proud to belong to Brit Empire, felt protected, supported Canada war involvement + English should be only official language + protestant only religion + Laurier, Borden, Square Victoria)
-> Francos: French Canadian Nationalism (Ottawa respecting jurisdiction of QC and autonomy of provinces, greater autonomy for Canada, didnt like war involvement, defended language +religious rights of franco catholics, Bourassa + Lionel Groulx + Le Devoir + Appel de la Race)
What were the origins and effects of immigration?
- From UK, US, and Europe + Asia
- Was very restrictive/discriminatory (prioritized those who could easily integrate)
- Recieved 3 million immigrants -> led to creation of Alberta and Saskatchewan 1905
- Rise in xenophobia (fear towards immigrants)+ ethnic neighborhoods (where Asians tried to preserve culture) Anglos felt threatened
What were the Boer War years and who was the war between?
- 1899 to 1902
- Boers (mainly Dutch colonists settled in South Africa) and British
Why did Francophone Catholic Minorities feel that it became harder to defend their rights?
- More immigrants in Canada
- Laws created to restrict instruction in French outside QC -> limiting ability to maintain language/culture
- Led to -> tension with federal gov
What were the British looking for (cause of Boer War) + who supported/was against the war?
- They wanted to annex Boer territories
-> Why? -> large gold deposits that British wanted
- Supported: Anglos
- Opposed: Francos
Why was the Indian Act changed in the 20th century and when did attendance at res schools become mandatory?
- To increase control over Indigenous
- In 1920
What was Canada's military involvement/support?
- Brit called Canada during Boer War
- Volunteers sent to front (1900 to 1902: 7,000 Canadian soldiers to South Africa to fight w/ British)
- Brit put pressure on Canada to play financial role
-> 1910: Creation of Canadian navy
Why did few Francos from QC settle in Western Canada during Laurier's immigration policy?
- They feared losing language/culture outside QC
-> especially with restrictions on French instruction