Disease Transmission
Natural Selection
Microbiome
Unit 1 Review
Random!
100
Typhoid fever, a disease that causes headaches, digestive upset, and a high fever, is caused by the bacterium Salmonella typhi. Typhoid can be spread from person to person by contaminated water or food or by a lack of cleanliness. Since the 19th century, the number of individuals infected with this disease has decreased. Which statement best explains why the number of people with this disease and other bacterial diseases has decreased over the last 100 years?
(A) Scientists have corrected the damaged genes that cause typhoid fever and other infectious diseases.
(B) Public health officials have placed better controls on the use of the toxic substances that cause these diseases.
(C) Typhoid fever, like most other bacterial diseases, is often caused by a lack of proper nutrition.
(D) Personal habits, such as hand washing, have greatly reduced contamination from bacteria.
(D) Personal habits, such as hand washing, have greatly reduced contamination from bacteria.
100
In order for a species to evolve, it must be able to
A) consume a large quantity of food
B) reproduce successfully
C) maintain a constant body temperature
D) be domesticated
B) reproduce successfully
100
Researchers have reported that the number of different species of fish found in certain areas of the ocean has been greatly reduced over the past 50 years. This situation is an example of
(A) a loss of biodiversity
(B) an increase in ecological succession
(C) a lack of differentiation
(D) an increased carrying capacity
(A) a loss of biodiversity
100
As blood glucose levels increase, hormones are released to return glucose levels to normal. This is an example of
(A) a nervous system disorder
(B) the synthesis of antibodies
(C) a stimulus and a response
(D) an antigen and antibody reaction
(C) a stimulus and a response
100
Which statement best describes a change that usually takes place in the human body when the heart rate increases as a result of exercise?
(1) More oxygen is delivered to muscle cells.
(2) Blood cells are excreted at a faster rate.
(3) The rate of digestion increases.
(4) No hormones are produced.
(1) More oxygen is delivered to muscle cells.
200
A child became ill with the measles. Measles is a disease that is highly contagious. The child’s mother did not get sick, even though she and the child were close while the child was ill. State one reason why the mother did not get sick with the measles.
The mother had antibodies against the measles.
The mother had been vaccinated against measles.
The mother had measles when younger and still had immunity to measles.
The mother is immune to the measles.
The mother had a mutation that made her resistant.
200
Evolution can occur at different rates; however, for evolution to occur, there must be
A) variations within a species
B) extinction of the species
C) asexual reproduction
D) no change in the genes of an organis
A) variations within a species
200
Students were studying the different species of organisms in two different pond ecosystems. Their findings are summarized in the chart below.
Based on the information in the chart, how does the biodiversity present in pond A compare to the biodiversity present in pond B?
(A) Pond A has greater biodiversity than pond B because there are more species present.
(B) Pond B has more biodiversity than pond A because there are more plants present.
(C) Both ponds have the same levels of biodiversity because there is a variety of species present.
(D) The biodiversity cannot be determined without also identifying the abiotic factors present.
(A) Pond A has greater biodiversity than pond B because there are more species present.
200
Which biological process is represented in the diagram below?
(A) photosynthesis
(B) digestion
(C) respiration
(D) replication
(C) respiration
200
The diagram represents the effect of two chemical substances, A and B, in maintaining the level of glucose in the blood in humans.
The interaction of substances A and B is an example of
(1) a genetic mutation
(2) an immune response
(3) homeostatic feedback
(4) active transport
(3) homeostatic feedback
300
Raw eggs and undercooked poultry may contain Salmonella bacteria. These bacteria can cause food poisoning by invading the cells lining the small intestine and producing a toxin that causes inflammation in the intestine. Symptoms usually appear 24 to 48 hours after the bacteria are ingested. Symptoms include fever, diarrhea, vomiting. dehydration, and abdominal pain that may last for several days.
Explain why Salmonella bacteria are described as pathogens.
It is an organism that causes disease.
Produces toxins that cause fever and other symptoms
Because it invades cells and causes food poisoning
Salmonella makes people sick.
300
Which statement is NOT part of the concept of natural selection?
A. Individuals that possess the most favorable variations will have the best chance of reproducing.
B. Variation occurs among individuals in a population.
C. More individuals are produced than will survive.
D. Genes of an individual adapt to a changing environment.
D. Genes of an individual adapt to a changing environment.
300
A decrease in the biodiversity of an ecosystem usually leads to
(A) an increase in predator and prey populations
(B) the elimination of material cycling
(C) a decrease in stability
(D) an increase in dynamic equilibrium
(C) a decrease in stability
300
1. Some processes that occur in a cell are listed below.
A. utilize energy
B. detect changes in the environment
C. Create offspring through sexual reproduction
Which processes will all living organisms use to maintain homeostasis?
(1) A and B, only
(2) B and C, only
(3) C and A, only
(4) A, B, and C
(1) A and B, only
300
Students were asked to design a lab that investigated the relationship between exercise and heart rate. Heart rate was determined by recording the pulse rate in beats per minute. The students hypothesized that increased exercise results in an increased heart rate. The class results for the experiment are shown in the graph below
8. Which statement is best supported by the graph?
(1) Before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65; four minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.
(2) After four minutes of exercising, the average pulse rate was 120; two minutes after exercising, the average pulse rate was 120.
(3) While exercising, the highest average pulse rate was 150; before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.
(4) Two minutes before exercising, the average pulse rate was 80; after two minutes of exercise, the average pulse rate was 140.
(3) While exercising, the highest average pulse rate was 150; before exercising, the average pulse rate was 65.
400
Name at least 2 different factors that increase the spread of disease.
The amount of population mixing - how much people/organisms interact with each other.
Population density - how many people/organisms live in a certain area
General nutrition and health of the population
400
When the adaptive characteristics of a species are insufficient to allow its survival, that species is likely to
A. mate with other species
B. produce a beneficial mutation
C. form a fossil
D. become extinct
D. become extinct
400
What is a characteristic of a stable environment?
(A) It usually contains only one type of producer.
(B) It usually contains a great diversity of species.
(C) It contains simple food chains that have more consumers than producers.
(D) It contains complex food webs that have more heterotrophs than autotrophs.
(B) It usually contains a great diversity of species.
400
The diagram below represents an activity that occurs in the human body.
This diagram best illustrates
(1) active transport
(2) synthesis of nutrients
(3) maintenance of homeostasis
(4) differentiation
(3) maintenance of homeostasis
400
The graph below shows the changes in the number of individuals in a population who have a specific trait.
Which statement concerning this trait is a valid inference?
A) As time passed, an increasing number of individuals with this trait survived and reproduced.
B) Individuals can acquire new survival characteristics over time and pass them on to their offspring.
C) The longer a species is in an environment, the less likely it is that mutations will occur within the species.
D) The number of traits a species possesses has a direct relationship to the amount of time the species will exist
A) As time passed, an increasing number of individuals with this trait survived and reproduced.
500
Not all diseases are caused by pathogenic organisms. Other factors, such as inheritance, poor nutrition, and toxic substances, may also cause disease.
Describe a disease or disorder that can occur as a result of one of these other factors. Your answer must include at least:
• the name of the disease
• one specific factor that causes this disease
• one major effect of this disease on the body, other than death
• one way this disease can be prevented, treated, or cured
Example of a 500 point response:
Diabetes is a disease that can result from an inability to produce enough insulin. The level of glucose in the blood and urine will be high. This may lead to blindness or kidney problems. Frequent urination and thirst are major symptoms. Insulin injections can be used to regulate blood sugar levels.
500
Scientists compared fossil remains of a species that lived 5,000 years ago with members of the same species living today. Scientists concluded that this species had changed very little over the entire time period. Which statement best accounts for this lack of change?
A. The environment changed significantly and those offspring without favorable characteristics died.
B. The environment changed significantly, but the species had no natural enemies for a long period of time.
C. The environment did not change significantly and those offspring expressing new characteristics survived their natural enemies.
D. The environment did not change significantly and those offspring expressing new characteristics did not survive.
D. The environment did not change significantly and those offspring expressing new characteristics did not survive.
500
Some data concerning bird species are shown in the chart below.
Which statement is a valid inference based on information in the chart?
(A) The different species in northern Alaska can interbreed.
(B) There are conditions in Costa Rica that account for greater biodiversity there.
(C) The different species in southwest Texas evolved from those in northern Alaska.
(D) The greater number of species in Costa Rica is due to a greater number of predators there.
(B) There are conditions in Costa Rica that account for greater biodiversity there.
500
Feedback mechanisms have evolved that maintain homeostasis. Describe how homeostasis is maintained through feedback. In your answer, be sure to:
Part 1: identify one feedback mechanism in the human body
Part 2: identify, other than death, one specific result if homeostasis fails in the human body
PART 1:
- the change in heart rate in response to exercise
- the change in respiratory rate in response to exercise
- sweating or shivering in response to changes in body temperature
- the maintenance of blood sugar levels
- regulation of body temperature on a hot day
- increase in white blood cells in response to an infection
PART 2:
- disease/gets sick
- disruption in the body's ability to carry out respiration/digestion/excretion, etc.
- The body is unable to respond to external/internal stimuli correctly.
- diabetes
- heat stroke/hypothermia
500
The graph below represents the populations of two different species in an ecosystem over a period of several years.
Which statement is a possible explanation for the changes shown?
(1) Species A is better adapted to this environment.
(2) Species A is a predator of species B.
(3) Species B is better adapted to this environment.
(4) Species B is a parasite that has benefited species A.
(3) Species B is better adapted to this environment.