Microbiome
Which structure represents a complex, cooperative community of bacteria attached to a surface and encased in a self-produced matrix?
A. Flagellum
B. plasmid
C. biofilm
D. capsid
what is C. biofilm
What is the theory of evolution?
Species changing over time due to mutation, natural selection, etc.
What happens to bacteria that survive antibiotic treatment?
The bacteria will reproduce and the population will become increasingly resistant.
What can happen if a population is unable to adapt to their environment?
Extinction.
Which type of data is characterized by descriptions, colors, or textures rather than numerical values?
A. numerical data
B. qualitative data
C. quantitative data
D. statistical data
what is B. qualitative data
What is the primary mechanism bacteria use to coordinate group behaviors based on their population density?
A. binary fission
B. quorum sensing
C. mutation
D. chemotaxis
what is B. quorum sensing
What does it mean to for an organism to have an advantageous trait?
The trait allows them to be more "fit" in their environment to reproduce and survive.
Why are certain bacteria resistant to antibiotics?
They have genetic variations/mutations that allow them to be resistant or unaffected by the effects of antibiotics.
What can cause differences between individuals in a population?
Sexual reproduction/ mutations
What term refers to the differences in physical traits of an individual from the group to which it belongs?
A. adaptation
B. variation
C. constraints
D. evolution
what is B. variation
What is the primary advantage for bacteria living within a biofilm compared to living as individual cells?
A. elimination of genetic variation
B. protection from environmental stressors
C. increased mobility
D. faster individual growth rates
what is B. protection from environmental stressors
Why is genetic variation important for evolution?
Provides differences between individuals in a population, allows for some individuals to be "selected" for in natural selection. eventually those will adapt and survive.
What can happen if someone does not finish their prescribed antibiotics?
All bacteria are not killed off. bacteria can still be alive "leftovers" and then become resistant. likely to be sick again
Which population is more likely to survive an environmental change and why?
Population A: low variety between individuals
Population B: high variety between individuals
Population B. more variety, likely that at least some individuals can adapt.
Population A: higher chance that no individuals can adapt
What is an inherited characteristic that increases an organism's chance of surviving and reproducing in its environment?
A. variation
B. competition
C. adaptation
D. biofilm
what is C. adaptation
How do 'cheaters' impact a cooperative bacterial population?
A. They produce more public goods than any other cell.
B. They consume shared resources without contributing to their production, potentially causing the population to collapse.
C. They help the colony grow faster by killing off older cells.
D. They transform into different species to avoid competition
what is B. They consume shared resources without contributing to their production, potentially causing the population to collapse.
How does sexual reproduction result in evolution?
Increase genetic variation in population. inheritance of advantageous traits.
Mutation of bacteria and evolution of bacteria to become resistant. a process that we cannot stop (or possibly win)
How did some people survive the Black Death?
What is, they had a strong immune system.
OR
They had helpful variations that allowed them to have less severe symptoms of Black Death and were able to survive.
Which term describes the process by which individuals with favorable traits are more likely to survive and reproduce?
A. artificial selection
B. quorum sensing
C. genetic drift
D. differential survival
what is D. differential survival
Describe how antibiotics can prevent cooperative bacteria from causing an infection
What is Antibiotics can disrupt communication between bacteria.
OR
What is Antibiotics can destroy biofilms that bacteria have created.
OR What is Antibiotics can kill the bacteria
Provide 2 ways that can lead to a faster rate of natural selection.
increased genetic variation, more mutations, increased environmental pressure, more reproduction
The Black Death (Bubonic Plague) was primarily spread to humans through
A. fleas biting infected rats and then biting humans
B. inhaling toxic gases released from volcanic eruptions
C. contaminated drinking water from communal wells
D. consuming undercooked meat from livestock
what is
A. fleas biting infected rats and then biting humans
A population of bears evolved to have less fur than other bear populations. Why so?
There is an advantage to having less fur in their environment.
In an engineering project or a biological system, what do we call the limitations or restrictions that must be considered?
A. variables
B. hypotheses
C. adaptations
D. constraints
what is D. constraints