Causes of the Industrial Revolution
What major changes in agriculture contributed to the start of the Industrial Revolution
Agricultural Revolution (crop rotation, selective breeding, enclosures, new machinery like the seed drill
What was one major public health issue caused by urbanization during the Industrial Revolution?
Poor sanitation and overcrowding in cities
What is the key characteristic of capitalism?
Private ownership of businesses and competition
What was one major goal of the labor reform movements during the Industrial Revolution?
To reduce child labor and improve working conditions
What was the primary resource used to power early factories during the Industrial Revolution?
Coal
What two natural resources did Britain have in abundance that fueled industrial growth?
Coal and Iron
What was the effect of the Industrial Revolution on the environment?
Increased pollution (air and water)
In socialism, who typically controls major industries?
Usually the government (more focused on collective ownership)
Besides for the Women's rights movement what are two other movements that began during the Industrial Revolution?
Abolition Movement, Public Education Movement, Child labor laws
What economic system emphasizes private ownership, competition, and the pursuit of profit?
Capitalism
Which invention by James Watt significantly improved factory production?
Steam Engine
How did the Industrial Revolution change social class structures in Britain?
It created a new middle class and expanded the working class.
Which economic system aims for complete equality and the elimination of social classes?
Communism
Name a strategy used by labor reformers to push for change.
This term refers to an association of workers in a trade, group of trades, or profession, formed to protect and further their rights and interests.
Unions
What were the cramped apartments called that the working class/poor often lived in during the Industrial Revolution?
Tenements
What demographic change in Britain’s cities helped provide a labor force for factories?
Population Growth and Urbanization
How did the Industrial Revolution affect England’s role in global trade and its economy?
The Industrial Revolution turned England into a global economic powerhouse, leading to dominance in international trade. England became a major exporter of manufactured goods and imported raw materials from its colonies, significantly boosting its wealth and influence.
In capitalism, how are prices determined?
By market forces (supply and demand)
What was the main goal of the women’s suffrage movement in England?
To gain the right to vote for women.
What is the importance of the Irish Potato Famine?
The potato blight infected the potatoes, which was the Irish's main food supply killing over 1 million people
Irish people began to move to the United States
How did Britain's colonial empire help fuel the Industrial Revolution?
It provided access to raw materials and markets for finished goods.
How did industrialization contribute to changes in family structures?
Families often worked long hours in factories, and traditional family roles shifted. Break down of the traditional family
What is the main goal of socialism?
To reduce inequality by redistributing wealth and focusing on the welfare of all citizens
Name two strategy used by labor reformers to push for change.
Writing letters to newspapers, organizing strikes, or holding mass demonstrations
According to Karl Marx, what must the proletariat (working class) do to achieve a classless society?
Overthrow the bourgeoisie through revolution