Industrialism
This economic transformation involved the growth of factories, machines, mass production, and large-scale businesses.
Industrialization
This businessman built Standard Oil and became one of the wealthiest Americans in history.
John D. Rockefeller
Workers formed these organizations to collectively fight for better pay and working conditions.
Labor Unions
This economic system is based on private ownership, competition, and the ability to make profits.
Capitalism
This invention allowed messages to be sent over long distances using coded electrical signals.
Bonus: This 19th-century invention allowed a single operator to produce multiple spools of thread at once, dramatically increasing textile production
Telegraph
Spinning Jenny
This process allowed products to be produced rapidly and cheaply by dividing production into individual steps.
Mass Production/Assembly Line
This Scottish immigrant became one of America's wealthiest industrialists through the steel industry.
Andrew Carnegie
This is the practice of workers refusing to work in order to pressure employers to meet their demands.
Strike
This French phrase meaning "let do" describes an economic philosophy favoring limited government interference in business.
laissez-faire
This city was nicknamed the “Steel City” because of its enormous steel industry during the Industrial Revolution.
Pittsburgh
This invention allowed factories to operate more efficiently and played a major role in powering the Industrial Revolution.
Bonus: This 19th-century invention revolutionized textile production by allowing fabric to be produced much faster than by hand
Steam Engine
Power Loom
A company that controls enough of an industry to reduce or eliminate meaningful competition is called this.
Monopoly
This major 1892 confrontation occurred at Carnegie's Steel Works in Pennsylvania.
Homestead Strike
Supporters of laissez-faire generally argued that businesses should be allowed to compete with this rather than being heavily controlled by the government.
Free Market
Located in New York Harbor, this island became one of America's most famous immigration processing stations.
Bonus: This immigration station in San Francisco Bay was known for processing many immigrants arriving from Asia, particularly Chinese immigrants
Ellis Island
Bonus: Angel Island
This industry became one of the foundations of American industrialization as it was used for railroads, bridges, skyscrapers, and machines.
Steel Industry
Carnegie sold his steel company to this financier in 1901 for approximately $480 million.
JP Morgan
Carnegie's manager who became famous for his role in the Homestead Strike was this man.
Henry Frick
Capitalism can only achieve true success if this occurs between businesses.
Competition
This deadly 1911 factory fire killed 146 workers, most of them young immigrant women, and led to major changes in workplace safety regulations
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Rockefeller's company used this business strategy to control multiple stages of the oil industry, from production to transportation to refining.
Vertical Integration
After selling his company, Carnegie devoted much of his fortune to this activity, including funding thousands of libraries.
Philanthropy
This was the term for the crowded, often unsanitary apartment buildings where many urban workers and immigrants lived.
Bonus: This 1882 federal law became the first major U.S. law to prohibit immigration based on a specific nationality
Tenements
Chinese Exclusion Act
This federal law was passed in 1890 to limit monopolies and business practices that restrained competition.
Sherman Antitrust Act
This 1886 event in Chicago began as a peaceful labor rally but became violent after someone threw a bomb at police.
Haymarket Affair