Geographic / Historical Context of IR in GB
Great Britain was this geographic landform, made up of England, Scotland, and Wales, which made trade across the Atlantic, to mainland Europe, and to the Mediterranean Sea and rest of the world easier, acting as a catalyst for industrialization
Island
The large movement of populations from farms to cities in search of jobs was known as
Urbanization
Ireland, who was controlled by Great Britain during the Industrial Revolution, dealt with severe famine amongst their people caused by this
blight / failure of the potato crop
Japan kept itself closed off for 200 years during the Tokugawa Shogunate - this is known as a policy of
isolationism
Name of the US commander who forced Japan to open its borders in 1853
Commodore Matthew Perry
This natural resource was found in abundance throughout Great Britain, making the transition from water power much easier
Coal
A shift from goods made by hand in the cottage system / putting out system, to those made by machines (which was much faster and cheaper) was known as this type of system
factory system
Many critics of the Irish Famine blame the British for their __________________ attitude / policy ("hands-off" - French phrase), that resulted in little / no government intervention, required Irish men to work to receive food rations, and continued exportation of food while over a million died of starvation and disease.
laissez-faire
military leader who ruled Japan during the Edo Period and required the daimyo and samurai to live in Edo every other year to keep a close watch on them
Shogun
Who was the figure head of Japan during the Meiji Restoration and had no real power
emperor
Great Britain shifted away from mercantilism prior to the Industrial Revolution to an economic system known for its free markets and hands-off approach, also known as
capitalism
As business owners gained wealth from the Industrial Revolution, new social classes began to emerge and new jobs were required as society became more complex (government workers, accountants, teachers, doctors, etc.). This growing social class became known as the
middle class
Karl Marx believed that capitalism and the inequality that resulted between the working class (proletariat) and business elite (bourgeoise) would result in a revolution started by the working class to eliminate distinctions amongst social classes, this resulted in the economic system known as
communism
warrior class who protected the daimyo and was paid in a rice tax
samurai
After feudalism was abolished, Japan adopted a government with a __________________, and a legislative body known as the Diet where citizens could vote on laws
constitution
This historical development resulted in huge advancements in farming equipment like the seed drill, which created food surplus and shifted populations away from rural areas to the cities (not a political or industrial revolution)
Agricultural Revolution
As workers moved to cities and factory towns, overpopulation became an issue. Multiple families began living in housing known as ___________________, that often had no drinking water, electricity, or plumbing
tenements
The elite used the theory of natural selection and evolution to describe those who were fit / unfit for this industrial world, called _______________________________, which also resulted in lack of economic and political support for the poor (they should starve / be unemployed as it was part of evolution)
social darwinism
Class who gained wealth during the Edo Period by selling goods / services to the samurai / daimyo in Edo
merchants
The idea that Japan should move away from traditional values and towards a more industrialized / progressive society is known as
modernization / industrialization
James Watt was the inventor of this innovation, first used to pump water from mines, and later to power machines in factories, railroads, and ships
steam engine
The Sadler Commission was a report that gathered testimony from workers in factories and mines to help describe the conditions of this group of workers / this issue that was prevalent in the Industrial Revolution (later, the Factory Act of 1833 would make laws to respond to this issue)
Child Labor
Industrialization begin in Great Britain - what two other powers were on the rise in the second half of the 1800s / early 1900s? (name the two countries)
Germany and the United States
Name of the type of political / social structure in Japan during the Tokugawa Shogunate
Feudalism
Japan defeated what two powers in the Sino-Japanese War and the Russo-Japanese War?
China and Russia