terms
Wavelength
The distance between two identical parts on successive waves
Electronegativity
The ability of a bonded atom to attract electrons to itself
Line spectra
occur when only certain frequencies (colors) of light released
List the colors of visible light in order of increasing energy
Red < orange < yellow < green < blue < violet
List two properties for the following
Metals
Shiny, silver, solid, conduct heat and electricity, more dense, and can be shaped (malleable and ductile)
Ground State
The lowest energy state of an atom
Atom
smallest particle of an element
Atomic radius
distance from the nucleus to the end of the electron cloud
What is the relationship between energy and frequency
directly related (high frequency = high energy)
What is atomic radius?
Atomic radius is the distance from the nucleus to the end of the electron cloud
Excited State
When an atom gains energy and its electrons are in higher energy levels than the ground state
strong force
holds protons and neutrons together in the nucleus.
Half life
amount of time it takes for half of the nuclei in a sample to decay
What is the relationship between wavelength and frequency
inversely related (Long waves = low frequency)
What trend do you see in atomic size as you go down a group? Support your answer, using examples from three groups.
Atomic radius gets larger as you down a group. Li smaller than Na, B is smaller than Al, and F is smaller than Cl
Isotope
Atoms of the same element (same #p+) with different number of neutrons
transmutation
change of an atom of one element into an atom of another element by nuclear decay
List the types of electromagnetic waves from shortest waves to longest waves
gamma < x-ray < ultraviolet < visible light < infrared < microwave < radio
What is the relationship between wavelength and energy
inversely related (Long waves = Low energy)
what is the trend in atomic size as you go across a period? Support your answer, using examples from two periods.
As you go across a period the atomic radius decreases
Li is larger than F
Na is larger than Cl
Average atomic mass
Weighted average mass of all of the naturally occurring isotopes of an element
radiation
energy that travels as waves through space
What creates atomic emission spectra? Be sure to focus on how each line of color that is released is related to what is happening with the electrons in the atom.
- electron absorbs energy and moves to a higher energy level
- electron returns to lower energy level releasing energy as a photon
- the energy (color / type of E.M. wave) equal to the difference in energy between the two levels the electron moves between
- each different transition between energy levels causes a unique wavelength of light
What happens when an electron returns to its ground state from its excited state?
It releases energy in the form of a photon of electromagnetic radiation
How does this trend in number of energy levels explain the trend in atomic size?
Each added energy level is larger than the previous one so the atom's electron cloud gets larger