Row 1
What is a valence electron?
electrons in the outermost shell (or energy level)
A metal that bonds with a nonmetal creates this bond type.
Ionic Bond
A non-metal that bonds with another non-metal creates this bond type.
Covalent Bond
The ability to “attract” electrons to an atom is known as this.
Electronegativity
A charged particle that has lost or gained electrons.
Ion
What term describes the process in which a solid changes directly into a gas without passing through the liquid state?
Sublimation
which force is broken during a phase change?
intermolecular forces
NaF would form this type of bond.
Ionic
Water has a high boiling point and expands as a solid as a result of these bonds.
Hydrogen bonds.
hydrogen bonding occurs when hydrogen bonds to the following elements:
how many neutrons are in the carbon-14 isotope?
8 neutrons
forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons in their nuclei
isotope
These compound types have hard crystal structures and HIGH melting points.
Ionic Compound
What is the term for a reaction that absorbs energy from its surroundings?
endothermic
What is the term for the heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius?
specific heat capacity
In terms of molecular geometry, what is the shape of a molecule with four bonding pairs and no lone pairs on the central atom?
tetrahedral
What intermolecular force occurs between nonpolar molecules due to temporary dipoles created by electron movement?
london dispersion forces (Van Der Waals)
In a polar molecule, what is the term for the uneven distribution of electron density that leads to a partial positive and partial negative charge?
dipole moment
What is the primary type of intermolecular force that occurs between polar molecules?
dipole-dipole interactions
What type of intermolecular force is present in all molecular substances, regardless of polarity?
London dispersion forces/Van der Waals
Calculate the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of 250 g of water from 25°C to 75°C
52,250 joules
A gas occupies 1.75L at 2.5 atm. What will the new volume of this gas be if the pressure increases to 3.7 atm?
1.18 L
a molecule is considered to be polar if one of these is true...
different terminals atoms
lone pairs surrounding central atom
what makes carbon unique in terms of bonding?
Carbon has four valence electrons, allowing it to form four covalent bonds with other atoms. This enables carbon to bond with a wide variety of elements and create complex molecular structures.
The volume of a gas is 0.80 L at 101.3 kPa and 0°C. What volume will it occupy at 101.3 kPa and 24°C?
0.87L L