Organelles
Which organelle is the powerhouse of the cell?
Mitochondria
Describe active transport.
Moving particles through the cell membrane against the concentration gradient using cellular energy.
What is the ratio that determines how efficiently a cell can exchange materials with its environment?
SA:V ratio
What is the direction of osmosis when a solution is hypotonic?
Towards the solution that is hypertonic.
Which organelle stores genetic information?
The Nucleus
Describe passive transport
Moving particles with the concentration gradient not using cellular energy.
As a cell's size increases, _____ increases at a faster rate than surface Area, creating limitations on cell size.
Volume
What does it mean when a solution is isotonic?
It has an equal amount of solute concentration as the other solution.
Which organelles is unique to plant cells?
Chloroplasts
What is the primary structure of the cell membrane?
Phospholipid bilayer
What structure do cells often use to maximize surface area without greatly increasing volume?
Folds
What are the names of the two potentials necessary to calculate water potential?
Solute potential and Pressure potential
To what organelle does the ER send proteins and lipids?
Golgi apparatus
What are the two parts of the phospholipid bilayer?
Hydrophilic exterior and hydrophobic interior?
A greater _____ allows more molecules to diffuse into the cell, improving efficiency.
Surface Area
Which of the two potentials is mainly only significant in plant cells?
Pressure potential.
Where are ribosomes most abundant?
Rough ER
What is the passive transport process using membrane proteins to move polar/charged/large particles down their concentration gradient?
Facilitated diffusion.
Why do cells become less efficient as they get larger?
As size increases, volume increases at a faster rate than surface area.
What is a possible outcome if you put something in your body that is hypotonic to your blood cells?
Water could enter your blood cells which can cause swelling or lysing.