Fried Pump
What is the most common cause of right sided heart failure?
Left sided heart failure
Which diagnostic test is most commonly used to estimate EF?
Echocardiogram
What type of dyspnea commonly occurs with HF when lying flat in supine?
Orthopnea
What lung sound would you expect to hear from a patient with left sided heart failure?
Crackles
How do you prevent venous pooling after activity?
With a cool down activity.
Which type of HF is described as saggy, baggy, and what happens to EF?
Systolic HF, HFrEF
Name four submax exercise tests used for cardiac patients.
6MWT, 2MWT, 2-minute step test, TUG, etc.
What is an ABI test used for?
To assess PAD
Which cardiomyopathy has the highest risk of sudden cardiac arrest?
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Which clinical assessment can a PT use to track and monitor fluid balance?
Daily weight, blood pressure, and edema
Name at least 5 red flags for heart failure.
Rapid weight gain, dyspnea, swelling in extremities, persistent cough, chest pain, rapid or irregular heartbeat.
Name a significant red flag during exercise testing that would indicate you need to stop the test.
Decreased SBP of greater than 10 mmHg, severe angina, dizziness, ataxia, syncope
List 4 signs and symptoms of a Pulmonary Embolism (PE).
Rapid onset of dyspnea, sharp chest pain, syncope, hemoptysis, and cyanosis
What is the primary problem in restrictive cardiomyopathy?
Impaired ventricular filling due to a stiff heart muscle
When can you mobilize someone with a DVT?
When their therapeutic levels of the anti-coagulant have been reached.
Which three categories of pharmaceuticals are commonly used for HF patients?
ACE inhibitors, Beta blockers, Diuretics, Anti-arrythmias, Angiotensin 2 receptor blockers
What signs demonstrate a positive Buerger’s test?
Pallor on elevation followed by dependent rubor
Name 4 signs and symptoms of right sided heart failure?
Peripheral edema with weight gain, JVD, ascites, fatigue and decreased exercise tolerance
How does a high afterload affect cardiac output?
Increases heart workload and reduces stroke volume
What is the most common type of blood cancer?
Lymphoma
Which device is often used for symptomatic HF for patients with an EF of < 35%?
ICD (Implantable Cardioverter‑Defibrillator)
Which BNP level indicates that a patient might have heart failure?
> 300, but 400-500 rules in HF
What are the 4 P’s of poor peripheral tissue perfusion?
Pallor, pain, paresthesia, pulseless
A medical emergency where excess fluid accumulates in the pericardial cavity compromising diastolic filling which ultimately causes a drop in BP which can be fatal.
Cardiac Tamponade
What is the best mode of exercise for a patient with intermittent claudication?
Progressive walking to a point of grade 3 pain level, followed by rest until pain is gone, resume