Atomic Structure
What is an atom?
Basic building block of all matter and smallest particle an element can be divided into
What is matter?
Anything that takes up space and has mass
What is the melting point of water (H2O)?
+ Random
0°C
Changing the state of matter is considered a ______________ change.
physical
Increasing temperature increases the particle ___________.
Velocity/speed/motion
What is the electron cloud?
The region around the nucleus of an atom where electrons are likely to be found.
Give three examples of plasma.
Stars, lightning, fire, fluorescent light bulbs, plasma balls
What is the boiling point of water (H2O)?
100°C
When a change of state occurs, the kinetic energy of the particles overcome the ______________ between one another.
+ Random
attraction
Most of the volume of a gas is ______________.
Empty space
What is the name of the structure in the middle of the atom, and what are the particles in it?
Nucleus
Protons and neutrons
Describe the particle motion of all solids, liquids, and gases.
+ Random
Solid: vibrate in place
Liquid: move/slide past one another
Gas: freely/independently move and collide into one another
List the order of the states of matter from the least amount of energy to the most amount of energy.
solid, liquid, gas, plasma
For a change of state to occur, there is an addition or removal of ___________________.
Kinetic/Thermal energy
What is all matter made of?
Particles/atoms
What determines the charge of an atom or ion?
+ Random
Comparing the numbers of protons and electrons
Describe the volume and shape of all four states of matter.
Solid: definite shape and volume
Liquid: indefinite shape and definite volume
Gas: indefinite shape and volume
Plasma: indefinite shape and volume
Which phase changes involve a decrease in thermal energy?
freezing, condensation, deposition
How are boiling and evaporation different?
Boiling is an active transition from liquid to gas, but evaporation is a passive transition.
What is vaporization?
When particles of a liquid near the surface move fast enough to move into the empty space above and become a gas.
Describe the charge of all subatomic particles.
Protons are positive
Neutrons are neutral
Electrons are negative
The state of matter of an object is determined by its particles’ _________________.
Kinetic energy (or particle motion)
Which phase changes involve an increase in thermal energy?
melting, evaporation, boiling, sublimation, ionization
Describe all 7 types of phase changes (changes of state).
Solid → Liquid (Melting); Liquid → Solid (Freezing)
Liquid → Gas (Boiling/Evaporation); Gas → Liquid (Condensation)
Solid → Gas (Sublimation); Gas → Solid (Deposition)
Gas → Plasma (Ionization)
What happens to a gas and its volume when it is cooled down enough?
+ Random
Its volume decreases and it becomes a liquid.