DNA structure
What is the shape of DNA?
Double Helix
Where is DNA stored in Eukaryotic Cells?
The Nucleus
The inheritance of traits and genetic material is best known as. . .
Heredity
Where does transcription take place and what is the result?
The nucleus; mRNA transcript
The building blocks of proteins are
amino acids
What are Chargaff's base pairing rules for DNA?
A <--> T; C <--> G
An organism's genotype helps determine an organism's ________________________
Phenotype
Another version of a gene that can be inherited by the offspring of individuals is known as. . .
Allele
Where does translation take place and what is the result?
The ribosome in the cytoplasm; amino acid chain/protein
This tool is used to help translate the genetic code, mRNA, into the protein code, amino acids. What is this chart?
The codon chart
The condensed version of DNA that is easier to store.
Chromosomes
DNA ________________ are read by RNA polymerase inside of the nucleus to create the _______________ transcript.
codons; mRNA
If an organism has two different alleles from either of its parents, it is considered ______________________.
heterozygous
What are the base pairing rules for the mRNA transcript that is created?
A-->U, T-->A, C<-->G
What is the protein found in blood cells that help transport oxygen to other cells and tissues in the body?
Hemoglobin
These are functional units of DNA that are found on chromosomes.
Genes
DNA polymerase helps to copy DNA inside of the nucleus during sexual and asexual reproduction. What is this process known as?
DNA Replication
If a homozygous black guinea pig (BB) was crossed with a homozygous white guinea pig (bb) what percentage of the offspring will have black fur?
100%
If a genetic mutation occurs in DNA then the _____________ sequence changes in the polypeptide chain, causing the _____________ and ________________ of a protein to change.
amino acid; shape; function
What type of mutation causes sickle cell anemia to appear in an individual?
A point mutation or a substitution mutation.
These are the three letter codes that make up genes and help during protein synthesis.
Codons
What are the three types of genetic mutations, and what do they do?
Point/substitution -- One or more base pairs are changed in the DNA sequence.
Deletion -- One or more base pairs are removed from the DNA sequence.
Insertion -- One or mor base pairs are added to the DNA sequence.
If someone is heterozygous for cystic fibrosis (Cc) and they mate with someone who doesn't have cystic fibrosis (CC), what percent of their children will be carriers for the genetic disease?
50%
What would the mRNA transcript be for the following DNA sequence?
5' - TAC GCC ATG GGA - 3'
5' - AUG CGG UAC CCU - 3'
DNA and RNA are similar in that they are both considered to be _______________________ that code for things.
nucleic acids