Chapter 5
The monomer, polymer, and linkage of carbohydrates
What is monosaccharides, disaccharides, polysaccharides, and glycosidic linkages?
Differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells (name at least two)
What is any combination of the following?
nucleus v. no nucleus/nucleoid, membrane-bound organelles v. no membrane-bound organelles, larger v. smaller, domains v. kingdoms
The cell membrane's composition and how it's held together
What are phospholipids, proteins, some carbs, and hydrophobic interactions?
The monomer, polymer, and linkage of nucleic acids
The organelles that make up the endomembrane system
What is nuclear envelope, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, lysosomes, vacuoles, plasma membrane, and vesicles?
The difference between active and passive transport
What is passive transport involves the solute moving down its concentration gradient and requiring no energy, and active transport requires energy/ATP to move substances against their concentration gradients?
The difference between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids
What is saturated fatty acids have the max number of hydrogens possible and lack double bonds, and unsaturated fatty acids have one or more double bonds present?
The difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts
What is mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration and have a smooth outer membrane and inner membrane folded into cristae, and chloroplasts are found in plants and algae where photosynthesis takes place and contain chlorophyll?
The difference between peripheral and integral proteins
What is peripheral proteins are bound to the surface of the membrane, and integral proteins penetrate the hydrophobic core and span the membrane?
The four structural levels of proteins and which levels are functional
What is primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary, and tertiary and quaternary are functional?
The three functions of the golgi apparatus
What is consists of cisternae, modifies products from the ER (enter through cis face and exit through trans face), manufactures lipids and proteins, and sorts and packages materials into transport vesicles?
The way temperature impacts the fluidity of cell membranes and the role of cholesterol
What is, in high temperatures, cholesterol decreases fluidity by restraining phospholipid movement, and in low temperatures, saturated fatty acids are solid, decreasing membrane fluidity, so cholesterol becomes bulky to prevent the tight packing of lipids?
The three components of amino acids and their roles
What is amino acts as a base and bonds with carboxyl group on another amino acid, carboxyl acts as acid and bonds with amino on another amino acid, and r-group determines the chemical properties of an amino acid?
The three function of peroxisomes
What is they are oxidative organelles that have specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane and contain enzymes that remove hydrogens from substances and transfer them to oxygens, break down fatty acids for fuel, and detoxify alcohol and harmful compounds in the liver?
The three things that influence membrane permeability
What is lipid structure (saturated v. unsaturated), amphipathic nature (hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions), and transport proteins?