Blood
What blood type is the universal donor?
O-
The SNS has what effect on the cardiovascular system? (name 2)
higher HR, vasoconstriction, releases norepi/epi
List 2 differences between the APs of contractile and conductive cells.
contractile: have resting mem potential, plateau phase, refractory phase
conductive: pacemaker potential, I-funny channels, no plateau phase or resting mem potential
If we increase resistance blood flow will increase/ decrease
decrease
ACh is released from the PNS and binds to _ receptors in order to lower HR.
muscarnic ACh receptors
What blood type is the universal recipient?
AB+
You are working out really hard and your body is having to work against gravity to keep pumping blood into your heart. What does your body utilize to propel blood through your veins and back to your heart? (name 1)
skeletal muscle pumps, one-way valves, smooth muscle/ tunica media
Which channels open during the depolarization of ventricular contractile cells?
VA Na channels
If ESV is 50 and EDV is 100 what is SV?
50
Norepinephrine is released from the SNS and binds to ______ receptors. This activates a G protein and cause more Ca to enter heart cells. This increases HR
beta-adrenergic receptors
Basophils release what?
Histamine
____, something commonly found in drinks, inhibits active protein kinase breakdown causing higher heart rate.
caffeine
Which channels inactivate in the repolarization of conductive cells? which channels are open?
inactivate- Ca
Open- K
If SV is 50 and EDV is 100, what is the ejection fraction?
50%
Frank's starling Law of the heart states that as ___ increases, ____ increases
EDV and CO
Describes what happens when an Rh- mother has a Rh+ baby.
1) First pregnancy will be fine
2) Will build antibodies against Rh factor in the future
3) Second Rh+ baby = mother‘s body will attack
4) Fetal death
You lay down and rest. This causes your blood pressure to rise/drop. Baroreceptors in your aorta sense this change and a response from the SNS/PNS is activated.
Bonus: does this mean your baroreceptors are firing more or less?
drop, SNS, less firing
(Wiggers Diagram): Where does isovolumetric contraction occur?
E
If HR is 30ml/min and SV is 40ml/min what is CO in L/min?
1.2 L/min
What does atrial natriuretic hormone do, and how does it do so?
Lowers blood pressure; antagonist to angiotensin II; detects stretch in atrium walls
List all of the white blood cells from most numerous to least numerous. Which are granular and which are agranular?
NLMEB
LM are agranular
(Wiggers Diagram): Where does isovolumetric relaxation occur?
G
Name 3 things that will lower resistance.
short length of vessels, less viscous blood, larger radius of vessel
The kidneys release the hormone ____. This hormone along with angiotensinogen forms _____. That hormone interacts with ________ enzyme to form angiotension II which cause vasoconstriction. (increase BP)
renin, angiotension I, ACE