Population Distribution and Density
This term describes the number of people living in a specific area, typically measured per square kilometer or square mile.
Population Density
Number of live births per 1,000 people in a population per year
Crude Birth Rate CBR
This type of population policy encourages people to have more children, often through financial incentives or family support programs
pronatalist policy
This term describes the permanent movement of people from one place to another.
Migration
Brain Drain
These three factors- climate, landforms, and resources- help explain why high population density while others remain sparsely populated.
Physical Factors
In this stage of the DTM, both birth rates and death rates are high, resulting in slow population growth.
Stage 1 (Pre-Industrial Stage)
China's former policy limiting most families to one child is an example of this type of restrictive population policy.
Anti-natalist policy
These factors, such as war, persecution, or natural disasters, force people to leave their homes.
Push Factors
Money sent by migrants back to their families in their home countries is called this, and it's a major source of income for many developing nations.
Remittances
This measure of population density considers only the amount of arable land rather than total land area.
Physiological density
This stage of the demographic transition model shows rapidly declining death rates while birth rates remain high, causing population to explode
Stage 2 (Transitional stage)
Studies show that increased access to this for women is strongly correlated with lower birth rates and smaller family sizes
Education/Literacy
This type of migration occurs when people move by choice, often for economic opportunities or better quality of life.
Voluntary migration
This population structure shows a large proportion of elderly people and is common in Stage 4 & 5 countries like Japan and Germany.
Aging population
These highly urbanized regions in East Asia, South Asia, Europe, and Eastern North America contain the majority of the world's population.
Population Clusters
This British economist theorized that population growth would outpace food production, leading to famine, disease, and war as preventative checks
Thomas Malthus
This phenomenon describes how empowering women economically and socially leads to delayed marriage, fewer children, and improved health outcomes for families
Women's empowerment
According to Ravenstein's Laws of Migration, most migrants move only this type of distance, and migration occurs in steps rather than one long journey.
Short Distance/Step Migration
This ratio compares the number of dependents (young and old) to the working-age population, and it increases as populations age.
Dependency ratio
This concept describes the maximum number of people an area can support given available resources and technology, which can change over time.
Carrying Capacity
Countries in stage 5 of the DTM face this challenge where death rates exceed birth rates, leading to natural population decrease and potential labor shortages
population decline
Countries like Japan and South Korea have implemented these policies including parental leave, childcare subsidies, and work-life balance initiatives to encourage births, though with limited success.
Pro-natalist incentives
This term describes people who are forced to flee their country due to persecution, war, or violence and seek protection in another country.
Refugees
Immigration can help address this economic problem in aging societies by providing younger workers to support social security systems and fill labor shortages.
Labor force shortage/ Worker shortage/ high dependency ratio