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1. The tendency to believe, after learning an outcome, that one would have foreseen it is known as which of the following?
Hindsight Bias
2. When a researcher watches and records the behavior of a subject in their natural environment without manipulation, this is an example of:
Naturalistic Observation
3. The variable that a researcher controls and manipulates in an experiment is called the:
Independent Variable
4. What is a disadvantage of using a case study as a research method?
The study is not necessarily representative of the general population.
5. A researcher wants to study the effects of a new medication on anxiety. Participants are randomly assigned to either receive the new medication or a placebo, and neither the participants nor the researchers know who is receiving which treatment. This is a:
Double Blind Experiment
6. Which of the following describes a situation with a negative correlation?
A. As the amount of time spent studying increases, a student's test scores tend to increase.
B. As a person's caffeine intake increases, their perceived level of fatigue decreases.
C. As the number of hours of sleep a person gets increases, their energy level also increases.
D. There is no relationship between a person's shoe size and their IQ.
B. As a person's caffeine intake increases, their perceived level of fatigue decreases.
7. The hypothetical ability to acquire information through means other than the known human senses is called:
Extrasensory Perception (ESP)
8. Which step of the scientific method involves stating an expected relationship between two or more variables?
Hypothesis
9. In an experiment, the factor that may change in response to the independent variable is the:
Dependent Variable
10. When participants' physical or mental health appears to improve after taking a 'dummy' treatment, it is known as the:
Placebo Effect
11. In a survey, a 'random sample' ensures that:
Every person in the population has an equal chance of participating.
12. A researcher wants to study the development of social skills in a group of children from age 5 to age 15. This is an example of a:
Longitudinal Method
13. Which of the following is an advantage of naturalistic observation?
A. It can easily determine cause and effect.
B. It can be used to study unethical topics.
C. Observations cannot be distorted by the observer's expectations.
D. It is representative of the general population.
B. It can be used to study unethical topics.
14. What is the primary disadvantage of using surveys?
The survey questions may be 'leading' or phrased unclearly.
15. A researcher compares the behaviors of 20-year-olds, 30-year-olds, and 40-year-olds at the same time to study changes over the lifespan. This is an example of:
Cross-Sectional Method
16. When a researcher’s expectations unintentionally alter a participant's behavior, it is referred to as:
Experimenter Bias
17. A researcher wants to study how a new teaching method affects student performance. Student performance is the:
Depended Variable
18. A study finds that as the number of hours of sleep a person gets decreases, their level of stress tends to increase. This is an example of a:
Negative Correlation
19. Which of the following is a disadvantage of a case study?
A. It can't provide rich data.
B. It can be replicated by other scientists.
C. It's difficult to study unethical topics.
D. It's not necessarily representative of the general population.
D. It's not necessarily representative of the general population.
20. The study of one individual in great depth, using observations, tests, and interviews, is called a:
Case Study
21.
Which of the following is a disadvantage of naturalistic observation?
A. It is difficult to gather rich data.
B. It cannot tell us why a certain behavior is occurring.
C. It can't be used to study unethical topics.
D. The observations are not representative of the general population.
B. It cannot tell us why a certain behavior is occurring.
22. A survey uses a 'stratified sample' to ensure that:
Subgroups in the population are represented proportionally in the sample.
23. When people tend to think they know more than they do, this is referred to as:
Overconfidence
24. The four goals of basic research are to describe the phenomenon, make predictions, introduce enough controls, and:
Explain the phenomenon with some degree of confidence.
25. A researcher wants to see if there is a relationship between a person's height and their average yearly income. This would be an example of a:
Correlational Study