Chemistry
What is matter?
Matter is anything that takes up space or has volume
What is an isotope?
An element with a different number of neutrons
Are naturally occurring, inorganic solids with a specific chemical composition and a definite crystalline structure
A mineral that contains enough of a useful substance that it can be sold for a profit.
What is an Ore?
Minerals that form slowly form __________ crystals.
large
What is an atom?
The smallest unit of matter
What is the difference between a physical change and a chemical change?
Physical changes alter form NOT composition whereas chemical changes create a new substance.
For something to be a mineral it must:
(List all FIVE)
1. Occur naturally
2. Be inorganic
3. Have a regular atomic geometric pattern
4. Be a solid
5. Have a unique chemical composition
How can geologists identify minerals?
(You need to list at least 5 ways)
Crystal form
Luster
Hardness
Cleavage
Fracture
Streak
Color
Texture
Density
Specific gravity
Minerals that cool quickly have ________ crystals
tiny/small
Pure substances made up of only one type of atom are called...
Elements
What is a reactant? What is a product?
Reactant: The starting materials that undergo a chemical change
Product: New substances formed as a result of a chemical change
Surprise! It is actually more chemistry!
What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
Mixture: Physical combination of two or more substances that are not chemically bonded
Compound: 2 or more different elements held together by chemical bonds.
The scale that classifies minerals by their hardness.
What is Mohs Scale of Hardness?
Solid materials that have atoms that are in a repeating pattern.
What are Crystals.
Molecule vs. compound (provide the definitions)
Molecule: two or more elements chemically combined
Compound: Two or more DIFFERENT elements chemically combined
What are the THREE subatomic particles AND their charges?
Proton (Positive)
Neutron (neutral)
Electron (negative)
How do minerals form?
(List all three)
1. Magma
2. Supersaturated solutions
3. Evaporation
What are the common mineral groups?
Silicates, carbonates and oxides
Others: sulfides, sulfates, halides
Minerals that break with rough or jagged edges are said to have ____________
fracture
What is an ion?
Element with a different number of electrons
What happens when you change the number of protons in an atom? What is made?
A new element is made
Why are diamond and graphite so different when they are both made of carbon?
Because they have different atomic structure/arrangement
Luster can be categorized as ___________ or ___________.
Metallic or nonmetallic
A mineral that splits easily and evenly along one or more flat plans is said to have ________.
cleavage