Heart Powerhouse
What are the tiny power generators that keep the heart muscle supplied with energy?
Mitochondria
What is the amount of blood pumped by the heart in one minute?
Cardiac output
The _______ carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Arteries
What is the “filling phase” when the whole heart is relaxed?
Atrial and ventricular diastole
What provides a route for electrical signals to be transmitted from one muscle cell to another?
Gap junctions
What is the amount of blood left in the ventricle after it contracts?
End systolic volume
The left ventricle wall is _______ than the right because it pumps blood farther.
Thicker
What is the step when the atria contract?
Atrial systole
What is the part of the nervous system that oversees regulation of the heart and blood vessels?
Cardiovascular center
What connects arteries and veins and allows exchange of gases and nutrients?
Capillaries
The _______ is the fluid that transports nutrients, gases, and wastes.
Blood
What is the beginning of ventricular systole, enough to close the tricuspid and mitral valves?
Step 3 of the cardiac cycle
What is the name given to the five steps involved in filling the heart’s chambers and pumping blood?
Cardiac cycle
What vessels have the primary function of returning blood to the heart?
Veins
The _______ circulation supplies the heart’s muscle tissue with blood.
Coronary
What happens when blood is ejected from the heart as the semilunar valves open?
Ventricular systole (contraction)
What is the situation called when adequate oxygen is not delivered to the heart muscle?
Myocardial ischemia
What situation occurs when the cardiovascular system cannot deliver adequate blood flow to meet the body’s needs?
Shock
High blood pressure is also known as _______.
Hypertension
What step occurs when the ventricles relax enough to allow the semilunar valves to close?
Ventricular diastole