Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
These cells lack a nucleus.
What are prokaryotic cells?
This structure gives plant cells a rigid, box-like shape.
What is the cell wall?
Controls cell activities and stores DNA.
What is the nucleus?
“I have ribosomes attached and help make proteins for export.”
What is the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)?
A cell has no nucleus but contains ribosomes.
What is a prokaryotic cell?
This type of cell contains membrane-bound organelles.
What are eukaryotic cells?
This organelle is responsible for photosynthesis in plant cells.
What are chloroplasts?
Assembles ribosomal subunits.
What is the nucleolus?
“I help make lipids and detoxify drugs and alcohol.”
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)?
A cell has a nucleus, chloroplasts, and a cell wall.
What is a plant cell?
DNA in prokaryotic cells is found in this region.
What is the nucleoid region/cytoplasm?
Animal cells often contain many of these for digestion, while plant cells rely more on a central vacuole.
What are lysosomes?
Produces ATP for cellular energy.
What is the mitochondria?
“I modify, sort, and package proteins for transport.”
What is the Golgi apparatus/body?
A cell that lacks ribosomes would struggle most with this process.
What is protein synthesis?
These organisms are usually larger and more complex
What are eukaryotes?
These organelles are found in both plant and animal cells and produce ATP.
What are mitochondria?
Detoxifies harmful substances and breaks down fatty acids.
What are peroxisomes?
“I am the site of protein synthesis.”
What are ribosomes?
A cell that cannot package or ship proteins would have a malfunctioning…
What is the Golgi apparatus/body?
Some unicellular organisms have a cell wall, ribosomes, and circular DNA, but no membrane-bound organelles. However, under a microscope, you notice internal membrane folds that aid in respiration. What type of cell is this, and what is unusual about these internal structures?
What is a prokaryotic cell, and the internal membrane folds are specialized adaptations for energy production, similar to mitochondria in eukaryotes?
A researcher compares two eukaryotic cells: one with a large central vacuole and chloroplasts, and another with many small vacuoles and lysosomes. Both have mitochondria. How can these differences explain the distinct functions of each cell?
What are plant and animal cells, with the plant cell’s vacuole and chloroplasts supporting storage and photosynthesis, while the animal cell’s lysosomes support digestion and cellular waste removal?
A cell can produce ATP but cannot detoxify harmful substances like hydrogen peroxide or metabolize fatty acids. Which organelle is missing or malfunctioning, and what other roles does it normally play?
What is the peroxisome, which normally detoxifies chemicals, breaks down fatty acids, and protects the cell from oxidative damage?
A cell is actively synthesizing proteins for secretion. The proteins are incorrectly folded, and lipid-based toxins are accumulating. Which organelles are likely malfunctioning, and how do they normally work together to ensure proper protein and lipid processing?
What are the rough ER (folding proteins) and smooth ER (lipid processing and detoxification), which normally work together to produce, fold, and prepare proteins and lipids for use or export?
A cell can synthesize proteins, but they remain inside the cell and are not transported to the membrane or exported. Additionally, some proteins are missing carbohydrate tags that identify their destination. Which organelle is most likely defective, and what is the consequence for the cell?
What is the Golgi apparatus, which normally modifies, sorts, and packages proteins for transport; without it, proteins cannot reach their proper destinations, disrupting cell function.