Early Trade and Cultural Views
The belief in the inherent superiority of European culture, values, and institutions over non-European societies.
What is Eurocentrism?
The economic system practiced by European powers that strictly controlled trade and exploited colonial resources to enrich the home country.
What is Mercantilism?
Modern political borders in Africa often trigger ethnic conflict because European powers drew them during the Berlin Conference without regard for these boundaries.
What are ethnic, linguistic, or cultural boundaries?
This globally recognized Indian leader spearheaded the resistance against British colonial rule using non-violent civil disobedience.
Mahatma Gandhi
A non-profit, citizen-based group that functions independently of government to address social or political issues.
What is a Non Government Organization? NGO
This universal concept describes evaluating other cultures strictly according to the standards and values of one’s own ethnic group.
What is ethnocentrism?
The primary goal of this 1884–1885 conference was to establish rules among European powers for dividing and colonizing Africa peacefully among themselves.
What is the Berlin Conference?
Many modern post-colonial cities remain concentrated along coastlines and resource hubs because they were originally built to facilitate this economic activity
The British East India Company severely damaged India's traditional textile industry by restricting Indian exports and flooding local markets with cheap cloth produced here.
What is Great Britain (or British factories)?
Micro-credit institutions like Grameen Bank foster grassroots entrepreneurship by issuing small, collateral-free loans primarily to this demographic group to help stimulate the economy.
Who are low income individuals? (Specifically women)
The exchange of plants, animals, diseases, and technologies between the Old and New Worlds following European contact.
What is the Grand Exchange?
Late 19th-century "New Imperialism" differed from "Old Imperialism" by shifting away from trade outposts toward direct territorial conquest, resource extraction, and this.
What is political dominance or direct control?
Post-colonial political instability in nations like Myanmar (Burma) stems from British administrative policies that used this specific tactic to divide groups.
What is "divide and rule"?
This was a result of Britain forcing local Indian weavers out of business and shifted India from a finished-goods exporter into a exporter of raw materials like cotton.
What is deindustrialization?
Critics argue that small amounts of foreign aid from wealthy nations fail to solve global poverty because aid doesn't address these underlying historical causes.
What are structural economic inequalities / historical colonial exploitation?
Some historians argue pre-1800 trade wasn't "true" globalization because trade volumes were too limited to transform this aspect of daily life for most global populations.
What are daily social structures and local economies?
Under European imperialism, home countries experienced industrial growth and capital accumulation, while colonized territories were restructured into these.
What are export-dependent suppliers of raw materials?
Historical GDP data shows that from 1700 to 1950, India’s share of global wealth shrank dramatically because its economy was reoriented to feed this British event.
What is the Industrial Revolution?
Mahatma Gandhi advocated for economic self-reliance in India, famously encouraging citizens to spin their own cloth to boycott goods made by this power.
What is Great Britain (or British colonial power)?
Proponents of foreign aid argue that wealthy democratic nations have a moral responsibility to provide aid to compensate for disadvantages caused by this historical process.
What is historical imperialism (colonialism)?
European colonial trade networks generated immense profits through merchant trade and manufacturing, giving rise to this distinct social class in Europe.
What is the middle class? (bourgeoisie)
Indigenous populations in the Americas suffered this severe long-term consequence following European contact, alongside forced assimilation and loss of land.
What is severe population decline?
This type of political conflict frequently occurs in modern post-colonial states where rival ethnic groups were forced into a single nation by arbitrary colonial borders.
What is internal political instability OR civil conflict?
Between 1700 and 1950, while Great Britain's share of global GDP rapidly grew due to industrial expansion, India's share experienced this trend.
What is a dramatic decline/shrinkage?
Opposite to advocates for foreign aid, opponents argue that democratic governments hold their primary moral and financial obligation to these people.
Who are their own domestic citizens / taxpayers?