A prediction that can be tested through scientific research
What is a hypothesis?
100
Occurs when two sets of related scores tend to rise or fall together
What is a positive correlation?
100
The experimental element that is being manipulated, and whose effect is being studied
What is the independent variable?
100
The middle score in a distribution of scores
What is the median?
100
A section of the population of interest that fairly represents that population because each member has an equal chance of inclusion
What is a random sample?
200
A research technique to obtain the self-reported attitudes of large groups of people
What is a survey?
200
Occurs when two sets of scores tend to have an inverse relationship to one another
What is a negative correlation?
200
The variable that is being measured in an experiment
What is the dependent variable?
200
The most frequently occurring score in a distribution of scores
What is the mode?
200
Any variable other than the independent variable that might produce an effect in an experiment
What is a confounding variable?
300
A research technique whereby one person or group is studied in depth
What is a case study?
300
The type of graph that is used to illustrate a correlation
What is a scatterplot?
300
In an experiment, the group that is exposed to the treatment (independent variable)
What is the experimental group?
300
The mathematical average of a distribution of scores
What is the mean?
300
An experimental effect that is caused simply by expectation, rather than the independent variable
What is the placebo effect?
400
A research technique that measures the extent to which two factors vary together
What is a correlation?
400
The statistical measurement of the strength of a correlation
What is a correlation coefficient?
400
In an experiment, the group that is not exposed to the treatment (independent variable)
What is the control group?
400
The difference between the highest and lowest scores in a distribution of scores
What is the range?
400
An experimental procedure in which neither the participants nor the research assistant knows which group is receiving the treatment (independent variable)
What is the double-blind procedure?
500
A research method in which an investigator manipulates one variable in order to observe the effect on some behavior or mental process
What is an experiment?
500
This can NEVER be inferred from even a very strong correlation!
What is causation?
500
This is a method of placing participants into experimental groups in order to minimize pre-existing differences between them
What is random assignment?
500
A computed measure of how much scores within a distribution vary around the mean score
What is standard deviation?
500
A statistical statement of how likely it is that an obtained result occurred simply by chance