Principles Of Heredty
What is heredity?
transmission of genetic info from
parent to offspring
What enzyme opens up the DNA double helix for replication?
What does RNA stand for?
Ribonucleic acid?
What is needed for gene expression to occur?
Transcription, translation, and activation of proteins
Where is rRNA made?
The nucleolus
What is a phenotype?
The physical appearance of an
organism
What does DNA polymerase do?
Creates new DNA strands by linking nucleotides together
Name 2 differences between RNA and DNA
– RNA is usually single-stranded
– The sugar in RNA is ribose
– The base uracil substitutes for thymine
What does heterochromatin mean?
a densely compacted form of chromatin-transcriptionally inactive
Why is there a leading and lagging strand during DNA replication?
DNA polymerase can only build 5′→3′
What is a genotype?
The genetic makeup of an organism
There are three types of replication that result from parental DNA strand. What are they?
Semiconservative- one original strand from the parent molecule and one newly synthesized complementary strand
Conservative- newly synthesized
strands
Dispersive-
randomly mixed during the replication
process
What is transcription?
The coping of the information in
DNA to RNA
What does euchromatin mean?
A loosely packed form of chromatin- Transcriptionally active
What are inducible operons?
A set of genes that are turned on by an inducer
What are alleles?
A variation of a gene, or a different version of a DNA sequence
What are the nitrogenous bases for DNA?
Bonus 100pts: Which are purines and which are pyrimidines?
Adenine- purine
Guanine- purine
Thymine- pyrimidine
Cytosine- pyrimidine
What is translation?
The converting of the RNA into amino acids/a protein
What are enhancers?
DNA sequences that help form an
active transcription initiation complex
What is Chi-square analysis used for?
To statistically compare observed results with expected results
What is the difference between heterozygous and homozygous?
Homozygous: two identical alleles
Heterozygous: two different alleles
What are the building blocks of DNA?
Nucleotides consisting of:
Pentose sugar deoxyribose
Phosphate
One of four nitrogenous bases
What are the 3 steps of both transcription and translation?
Initiation
Elongation
Termination
What are silencers?
DNA sequences that can decrease
transcription
What is telomerase?
an enzyme that adds nucleotides to telomeric DNA