Chemistry of Life
Name one element that is necessary for life.
Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, or sulfur.
What is the main function of carbohydrates?
Short-term energy storage.
This is where cellular respiration takes place; the "powerhouse" of the cell
Mitochondria
This type of transport requires an input of energy.
Active
The daughter cells produced by mitosis are __________ to the parent cell and to each other.
identical
This property of water creates surface tension.
Cohesion
This macromolecule can act as an enzyme.
Protein
This organelle is responsible for making proteins. Both eukaryotes and prokaryotes have them.
Ribosomes
Facilitated diffusion is a (n)____________ type of transport that requires a ________________.
passive, transport protein
The two purposes of mitosis are ________ and ________ .
Growth, repair
When something dissolves well in water, we call it...
Hydrophilic or polar
The polymer of lipids is...
triglycerides.
The cell membrane's main job is to maintain _________. What are its four main parts?
homeostasis; phospholipid bilayer, cholesterol, proteins, carbohydrates
When placed in hypotonic solution, a cell...
Gains water and may burst
List the steps of mitosis in order.
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
Why is water considered to be a universal solvent?
Because it will dissolve many things due to its polar nature. One end of the molecule has a slightly positive charge, and the other end of the molecule has a slightly negative charge.
The polymer of proteins is called...
a polypeptide.
Name 4 things that all cells, prokaryotic and eukaryotic, have.
1. Cell membrane
2. Genetic material
3. Ribosomes
4. Cytoplasm
When placed in hypertonic solution, a cell...
Loses water and shrivels
What are the two major things that happen during interphase?
Cell growth and DNA duplication.
List the levels of organization of life starting from most basic to most complex.
cell --> tissue --> organ --> organ system --> organism
Name the 3 parts of a nucleotide and what macromolecule is made of nucleotides.
phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base. Nucleotides make up nucleic acids.
List 3 differences between eukaryotes and prokaryotes.
1. Eukaryotes have membrane-bound organelles, prokaryotes do not.
2. Eukaryotes have a nucleus, prokaryotes do not.
3. Eukaryotes divide by mitosis, prokaryotes divide by binary fission.
4. Eukaryotes are larger in size, prokaryotes are smaller.
5. Bacteria is the only example of a prokaryote. Plants, animals, fungi, and protists are all eukaryotes.
6. All prokaryotes have a cell wall, only some eukaryotes do.
Osmosis is the movement of ______ across the cell membrane. A(n) ___________ solution has more solute and a(n) _________ solution has less solute when compared to a cell. A(n) _______ solution has equal solute compared to a cell.
water; hypertonic; hypotonic, isotonic
If DNA does not replicate during interphase, what might be wrong with the daughter cells?
They won't have enough genetic material (DNA) to be able to survive.