Epistemology
What is the Main Question of Epistemology
What is Knowledge/ How do we Aquire it
Who believed in Realism, Who believed in Idealism
Aristotle = Realism
Plato = Idealism
What does it mean to be conscious
Explain the philosophical view of free will
The ability to make choices that are not completely determined by prior causes
what or who do the prisoners represent in the Allegory of the Cave
ordinary dogmatic thinkers
Who is the Father of Epistemology
Plato
Explain The Ship of Theseus
A paradox used to explain and question identity. The mythical hero Theseus's ship is preserved in a harbor as a memorial. Over many years, its old, rotting planks are gradually replaced with new ones. Eventually, every single original plank of the ship has been replaced. Is it still the original ship?
How do the mind and body interact according to Rene Descartes
The mind and brain are not the same thing, the mind is found elsewhere even though they interact and send signals to the brain like a cell tower.
Explain the philosophical view of determinism
belief that every event and action in your life is an inevitable result of prior events
___________ taught ____________ who eventually taught ____________
Socrates taught Plato who eventually taught Aristotle
_______ + _______ + ____________ = Knowledge
Truth + Belief + Justifcation = Knowledge
Look at the Raphael painting, The School of Athens. What does the gesture of each philosopher (Plato pointing up, Aristotle gesturing down) represent about their different worldviews?
Plato is pointing up to the heavens signifying that something beyond our physical world exists (the world of forms)
Aristotle is point down because he is a realist and focuses on the material items and purpose of things in our real world.
Describe Dualism vs Materialism and who believed in each one
Dualism = reality is split into two realms the physical and non physical (mind and body) - Rene Descartes
Materialism = only thing that exists is matter and physical substance. (the mind is explained by physical behavior) - Gilbert Ryle
Someone who believes in free will is called
Libertarian
What is the study of Ontology
A branch of Metaphysics that focuses on what it means to exist
Breifly Summarize the Allegory of the Cave
Platos Metaphor for a philosopher who escapes the "chains" of dogmatic thinking and ventures into the world of truth and knowledge. When he returns the other prisoners don't believe what he has seen and reject him
Explain how the two worlds in Platos Theory of Forms and how they differ from each other
The world of forms = The perfect blueprint of stuff we experience in the real world
The physical world = Imperfect copies of what people think the form would be like in the world of forms
Explain Chalmers "hard problem"
why and how physical process in the brain give rise to subjective experience "Qualia"
That both free will and determinism coexist - freedom is about desire
Describe a chair as if you were Plato
In the world of forms there is exists one singular chair that can not change and is perfect. it is not a physical object but rather a abstract blueprint that all chairs in the real world follow
Relations of Ideas are things/statements that can not be false or imagined as false. Matters of Fact are things/ statments that can be imagined as false even know it may be common knowledge or plausible.
What is the ultimate goal of Platos Journey vs. Maslows Hierarchy
Plato = Enlightenment
Maslow = Self Actualization
What is a Philosophical Zombie
Chalmers thought experiment where a "zombie" is identical to human in every way but lacks conscious experinece. The fact that you can imagine this being true suggests that consciousness is not physcial
What is the challenge of hard determinism
if someone cant avoid their actions it seems wrong to blame them for stuff they do good or even bad.
Who presented the idea of Realtions of Ideas and Matters of Fact and what was his theory called
David Hume - Humes' Fork