A Tale of Two Continents
What two continents had established kingdoms and trading networks before transatlantic colonization?
Europe and Africa
In what year did Christopher Columbus reach the Caribbean?
1492
What was the first permanent English settlement in North America, founded in 1607?
Jamestown
What was the Middle Passage?
The forced Atlantic voyage of captive Africans.
What is a colony?
A settlement controlled by another country.
What valuable mineral was traded with gold across West African trade routes?
Salt
What is the Columbian Exchange?
The movement of plants, animals, diseases, and goods between the Americas and other continents.
What English settlement was founded in 1620?
Plymouth
What was the House of Burgesses?
An early representative assembly in colonial Virginia.
What does trade mean?
Exchanging, buying, or selling goods.
What medieval European system tied landholding to political and social obligations?
Feudalism
Name one crop that traveled from the Americas to Europe.
Potatoes, maize (corn), or tomatoes.
Which European country founded St. Augustine in 1565?
Spain
Were rights and freedoms shared equally by all people in the colonies?
No
Who are Indigenous peoples?
People whose communities lived in a place before colonization.
Name one major West African empire known for trade.
Ghana, Mali, or Songhai
What was one devastating effect of European contact on Indigenous communities?
Epidemic disease and population loss.
What Dutch settlement later became New York City?
New Amsterdam
Name one group denied equal rights in colonial society.
Enslaved Africans, Indigenous peoples, or women.
What does colonization mean?
Establishing control over another land and its people.
Give two reasons European rulers sponsored ocean explorations.
Trade routes, wealth, religion, or polical power.
Why did European countries compete to explore and claim lands?
For trade, resources, wealth, and power.
Name two ways geography affected where colonies developed.
Access to rivers, harbors, fertile land, resouces, or trade routes
What does representative government mean?
People choose representatives to make government decisions
What does religious tolerance mean?
Allowing people to practice different religious beliefs.