Population
Define Ecumene
Land that is suitable for permanent settlement. Zone of inhabited world.
What happens to a population when women are more educated?
Population goes down due to women waiting to have kids, or not having them at all.
What are anti-natal policies used for?
to limit the population growth
Define life expectancy
# of years expected to live for babies born this year
Give an example of forced migration
Slavery
Asylum Seekers
Genocide
Give one physical characteristic of the most populated areas of the world
--low-lying areas with fertile soil and temperate climate
--close to oceans and feeder rivers—deltas and valleys
--nearly all are within the Northern Hemisphere
What continent has the highest female labor force participation rate?
Africa
What are two ways pro-natal policies have been instigated in countries?
Increased maternity leave
Government subsidized child care
Family allowances
Cruises/ Vacations
Priority housing
What does it mean if a country has a high dependency ratio?
It means that the country is strained. There are less workers per dependent.
Probably a high old or young population compared to working aged adults.
What is the difference between an internally displaced person and a refugee?
An IDP is moving to a new place with the intent of moving back, while a refugee is not going back to their home.
Define carrying capacity
the amount of life a place can sustain given the amount of resources and level of technology available
Describe the relation of development to economic sectors.
The more developed a country is, the more tertiary jobs they have. Less developed countries are more likely to have primary sector jobs.
What is a guest worker program? (200)
Give an example of a country with a large guest worker population. (100)
people from poorer countries were allowed to immigrate temporarily to obtain jobs
Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Qatar
What are two problems for a country with a high aging population?
High healthcare costs
Retirement (Social Security in U.S.)
Need more nursing/retirement homes, etc.
Need more workers to care
Large, reliable voting bloc
Many policies focused on retired pop.
What is asylum?
the protection granted by a country to someone who has left their native country as a political refugee.
What kind of population growth is indicative of high birth rates and a low life expectancy?
Rapid Growth
What do Neo-Malthusians believe about population?
Neo-Malthusians advocate for population control measures such as family planning and education to mitigate the effects of overpopulation.
Name two specific anti-natal policies.
China's One Child Policy
India's Sterilization
Bangladesh education of women
What are two solutions for a high elderly dependency ratio?
Less Restrictive Immigration Policy
Increase Taxes (workers angry)
Decrease Benefits (retired people angry)
Increase Retirement Age (workers angry)
Privatization of Nursing Homes
What are two types of voluntary migration?
Transnational
Transhumance
Internal
Step
Chain
Guest Workers
Rural to Urban
What kind of jobs would you expect to see in a country with a declining population growth? (sector)
Tertiary (businesses, teaching, banking, etc)
Explain Ravenstein's Laws of Migration
Most migrants
Move due to economic reasons
Move only a short distance
Move from rural to urban
Long-distance migrants usually settle in urban areas (great centers of commerce & industry)
Move in steps (step-migration)
Are often young adult males (especially if long-distance)
Give two effects of a country whose pro-natal policies worked.
Replacing retiring folks in the workforce
Support the increasing number of seniors
Help develop the resources of a state
Lead to economic growth
Build up the military
occupy parts of a country that are virtually empty
Name two example of limitations of using dependency ratios
Child labor
Early retirement
Stay-at-home parents
Unemployment
Working past 65
30-year-old dependents?
What is transhumance?
The action or practice of moving livestock from one grazing ground to another in a seasonal cycle, typically to lowlands in winter & highlands in summer.