Membranes & Transport
The type of molecules that pass easily through the membrane.
What are small, nonpolar molecules?
This structure regulates what enters and leaves the cell.
What is the plasma membrane?
This process is known as "cell eating", when a cell engulfs large macromolecules.
What is phagocytosis?
This size of cell is more efficient at material exchange.
What is a small cell?
Water always moves from areas of high potential to areas of low potential.
What is water potential?
This type of transport requires energy in the form of ATP.
What is active transport?
This organelle is the site of protein synthesis.
This organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying harmful substances.
What is the smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
Finish this line:
As cell size increases, surface area to volume ratio _______________.
What is decreases?
A cell placed in this type of solution will lose water and shrink.
What is a hypertonic solution?
The diffusion of water across a semipermeable membrane.
What is osmosis?
List 3 pieces of evidence that the mitochondria is an example of the endosymbiont theory.
What are:
1.) Mitochondria contains circular DNA
2.) Mitochondria contains ribosomes
3.) Mitochondria has a double membrane.
What is exocytosis?
Cells rely on a large ratio of this to efficiently exchange materials with their environment.
What is surface area to volume ratio?
Plant cells in a hypotonic solution become firm due to this pressure.
What is turgor pressure?
This process uses carrier proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient.
What is facilitated diffusion?
The pathway for a newly made protein typically goes through these three organelles, in this order.
What are the rough ER → Golgi apparatus → plasma membrane (via vesicle) or back into cytoplasm?
This process is known as "cell drinking"- or when the cell engulfs fluids and soluble molecules.
**********DOUBLE JEOPARDY*********
Name 2 ways the plasma membrane maintains its fluidity.
Plant cells in a hypertonic solution will cause the plasma membrane to pull away from the cell wall.
What is plasmolysis?
This pump moves 3 sodium ions out and 2 potassium ions in using one ATP molecule.
What is the sodium/potassium pump?
Eukaryotic cells benefit from this feature that allows specialization and efficiency.
What is compartmentalization?
What molecule makes up the plasma membrane? What is that molecule consisted of?
What is glycerol, phosphate, and 2 fatty acid tails?
This organelle converts the chemical energy in food into ATP.
What are mitochondria?
These two factors determine the overall water potential of a system.
What are solute potential and pressure potential?