Photosynthesis
What are the stomata?
The small pores on the underside of the leaf, through which CO2 and oxygen can exit and enter
What types of organisms undergo cellular respiration?
Both autotrophs and heterotrophs
What are the three stages of the cell cycle?
Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis
What are the four stages of mitosis, in the correct order?
Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase
What is an autotroph, and what is an example of one?
An organism that makes its own food, e.g. grass
Which organelle is the main location for photosynthesis?
Chloroplast
Which organelle is the main location for cellular respiration?
Mitchondrion
During which phase of the cell cycle does the nucleus divide into two new nuclei?
Mitosis
What happens during anaphase?
The sister chromatids get pulled apart by the spindle fibers to opposite ends of the cell
Where does all of our energy come from?
The sun
What are the reactants and the products of photosynthesis?
Reactants: Carbon dioxide and Water
Products: Oxygen and Glucose/Sugar
What are the reactants and products of cellular respiration?
Reactants: oxygen and glucose/sugar
Products: carbon dioxide and water
How is cytokinesis different in plant cells versus animal cells?
In plant cells, a cell plate forms across the middle and gradually the two new cells separate.
In animal cells, the cell membrane squeezes together around the middle of the cell until the cells breaks off into two new cells.
During which phase of mitosis does chromatin condense into chromosomes?
Prophase
When cells produce energy without using oxygen, what is that called? State an example of this.
Fermentation, e.g. lactic acid fermentation from exercise, baking bread, making beer or wine
How are the chemical equations for photosynthesis and cellular respiration related?
They are opposites of one another
Why do all organisms need to undergo cellular respiration, but not all organisms need to undergo photosynthesis?
All organisms need to make energy from food, but not all organisms need to make their own food.
What happens during cytokinesis?
1. The cytoplasm divides
2. Organelles are distributed into two new cells
What do you call the two new things formed at the end of telophase?
Daughter cells
What's the process by which water enters and exits a cell?
Osmosis
What are the two reasons that photosynthesis is important for heterotrophs?
1. They rely on plants to make food they can eat
2. They need the oxygen created by the process
What happens in each of the two stages of cellular respiration?
1. In the cytoplasm, glucose is broken down into smaller molecules, without using oxygen
2. In the mitochondria, molecules break down even more through chemical reactions, and a large amount of energy is released
What are the three things that happen during interphase?
The cell is growing, replicating its DNA, and preparing for cell division, aka mitosis
During prophase, which organelle disappears?
Nucleolus
What do you call a process by which reactants are turned into products?
A chemical reaction