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What are cognitive biases used to justfiy?
Cognitive dissonance
Define Obedience
Involves complying with commands which are often given by a source of authority such as the commands of someone with authority, or the rules or laws of our society.
Define Conformity
Involves adjusting one’s thoughts, feelings, or behaviours to match those of others, a social group, or a social situation.
Define Person Perception
Person perfecption refers to the different mental processes used to understand and form impressions of other people.
What food might supertasters avoid eating?
Contrast between internal and external attribution
Internal attribution occurs when we judge behaviour as being caused by something personal within an individual. Whereas, external attribution occurs when we determine the cause of a behaviour as resulting from situational factors occuring outside the individual.
An in-group is a group that an individual belongs to or identifies with. Whereas, an out-group is a group that an individual does not belong to or identify with.
Anti-conformity refers to a deliberate refusal to comply with social norms as demonstrated by ideas, beliefs or judgements that challenge these social norms. Whereas, Independance occurs when an individual is aware of how the group expects them to behave or respond, but their decision-making is not swayed in any way by the expectations of the group.
Contrast between Top-Down and Bottom-up Processing
Top-down processing refers to the the processing of sensory information by applying prior knowledge and expectations. Whereas, Bottom-up processing refers to the processing of sensory information beginning with salient sensory data, which is then integrated to form a bigger picture.
Contrast between Selective attention and Divided attention
Selective attention refers to focusing on a single activity while disregarding other environmental stimuli. Whereas, Divded attentino refers to distributing attention to allow the processing of two or more stimuli at the same time.
Using an example, explain how availability heuristic are used in emergency situations
Availability heuristic is an information-processing strategy that enables individuals to form a judgement, solve a problem, or make a decision based on information that is easily accessible. For example, if someone was getting robbed, they might scream HELP! outloud as this is the first thing that comes to their mind
James loves the hates the sour taste of lemons but loves to eat them becasue of the texture. What can someone gift James so that he can enjoy both the texture and the taste?
Miraculin
If someone with Spatial neglect has damaged their Left temporal lobe. Which side of their vision will they only pay attention to?
Left
Identify and define the Tri-component model of Attitudes
Affect: Emotion
Behaviour: Action
Cognition: Thought
What factor contributes to people that would rather it a bright red strawberry compared to a light pink one?
Colour Intensity
Define Repeatability
A sudy is repeatable if it is replicated under similar conditions, and produces similar results
Define Reproducability
A study is reproducible if it is replicated under different conditions and produces similar results.
Describe one possible explanation for why some people experience synaesthesia.
Neurological condition
Inherited condition
Excess of neural connections formed during early development
What are the 3 marks needed for a Hypothesis?
Direction - Higher/lower, decrease/increase
Comparison - 'Compared to group x"
Suggest one positive influence of Social media
- Social connections (connect with friends/family)
- Social comparison (Feel better when compared to someone worse)
- Information access (easier access compared to back in the day)
With reference to an example, contrast between monocular and binocular depth cues.
Monocular depth cues use visual information received from one eye. Whereas Bioncular cues use visual information received from both eyes. For example, peopel with one eye will not be able to
Contrast between prejudice and discrimination. Identify where each belong in the tri-component model
Prejudice refers to an often negative preconception held against people within a certain group or social category. Whereas discrimination the unjust treatment of people due to their membership within a certain social category
Suggest one negative influence of Social media
- Social connections (cyberbully)
- Social comparison (Feel worse when compared to someone better)
- Information access (Lots of false information spread online)
With reference to an example, define Agnosia.
Agnosia refers to a disorder involving the loss or impairment of the ability to recognise familiar stimuli using one or more senses, despite the senses functioning normally otherwise. For example,people with Prosopagnoisa can't recognise people's faces despite no issues with their vision.
Describe how you might design packaging for an orange juice bottle to increase sales.
- Farm/ farmers
- Bright coloured oranges
- Gold (luxurious)