Intelligence Theory & Measurement
Examining correlations among multiple intelligence measures reflects this type of research design.
What is correlational research?
The method used to learn psychological concepts (mnemonic vs. note-taking) is this variable.
What is the independent variable?
Only remembering positive reviews when justifying a purchase illustrates this bias.
What is confirmation bias?
Damage to this brain structure produces severe anterograde amnesia, as in Clive Wearing’s case.
What is the hippocampus?
Higher performance after repeated quizzing reflects this powerful learning phenomenon.
What is the testing effect?
This standardized score is calculated by comparing an individual’s mental performance to the average performance of others in the same age group, typically with a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15.
What is IQ?
Random assignment is necessary in this type of research
What are experiments?
Believing math ability is fixed and interpreting student performance accordingly reflects this mindset.
What is a fixed mindset?
Improved speed of recalling Leo’s name over repeated attempts reflects this neural strengthening process.
What is long-term potentiation?
Repeatedly re-reading material in one long session reflects this less effective study strategy.
What is massed practice?
A researcher reviewing 300 studies on predictive algorithms is conducting this research method.
What is a meta-analysis?
To avoid experimenter bias when administering a quiz after teaching, researchers should use this procedure.
What is a double-blind procedure?
Overestimating one’s performance based on self-report rather than objective recall demonstrates this bias.
What is overconfidence or self-report bias?
Short-term memory capacity is commonly described as this numerical range.
What is 7 ± 2 items?
Recognition typically produces higher scores than recall because it provides this cognitive support.
What are retrieval cues?
This theory argues that intelligence is not a single general ability but instead consists of distinct abilities such as linguistic, logical-mathematical, musical, spatial, and interpersonal skills.
What is the theory of multiple intelligences?
In the distributed vs. massed practice study, higher scores in Group 1 illustrate this well-documented learning effect.
What is the spacing effect?
Relying too heavily on initial information when making decisions is this bias.
What is anchoring bias?
Failure to transfer information from short-term to long-term memory indicates breakdown at this stage of the multi-store model.
What is encoding?
Memory improvement when internal emotional states match learning conditions reflects this principle.
What is state-dependent memory?
For an intelligence test to be useful, it must consistently produce similar results over time and accurately measure what it claims to measure. These two psychometric properties are known as this pair of concepts.
What are reliability and validity?
A positive relationship between metacognitive notecards and test performance suggests this type of correlation.
What is a positive correlation?
Judging probability based on how easily examples come to mind reflects this heuristic.
What is the availability heuristic?
After a car accident, a patient cannot remember events from the year before the crash but can form new memories afterward. This loss of previously stored memories is known as:
What is retrograde amnesia?
Returning to old material periodically to strengthen encoding connections reflects this learning strategy.
What is distributed or spaced practice?