Sleep Structures
Which sleep structure, during REM sleep, sends signals to relax muscles essential for body posture and limb movements? (so we don't act out our dreams)
The Brain Stem
True or False, Stage 4 of the sleep cycle is one of many stages of REM (Rapid-Eye Movement) sleep.
False, Stage 4 is the ONLY stage of REM sleep in the sleep cycle.
What is the Information Process Theory?
When wishes are not fulfilled in our waking lives, they are carried out in the content of dreams.
What is the The Restorative Theory of sleep?
(sleep restores the brain and body)
The restorative theory states:
sleep allows for the body to repair and replete cellular components necessary for biological functions that become depleted throughout an awake day.
(Sleep Structures)
Where is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) located?
Inside the hypothalamus
As a sleep structure of the brain, what does the thalamus do? (3 possible answers)
I. Acts as a relay for information from the senses
II. During most stages of sleep, the thalamus is quiet, letting you tune out the external world.
III. During REM sleep, the thalamus is active, sending images, sounds, and other sensations that fill our dreams.
Stage 1 (N1) happens when a person...
N1 happens when a person first falls asleep
What is the Activation-Synthesis Theory?
States that a dream is: the cerebral cortex processing neural activity* during REM.
* neural activity = nerve impulses being sent from the body to the brain stem
What is the The Energy Conservation Theory?
(sleep conserves [energy] calories)
Energy conservation theory says:
the main function of sleep is to reduce a person's energy demand during part of the day and night when it is least efficient to hunt for food.
(Sleep Cycles)
Which stage of the sleep cycle is commonly known as the "deep sleep" stage?
Stage 3 (N3)
What does the Pineal Gland do?
Receives signals from the SCN and increases production of the hormone melatonin,
which helps put you to sleep once the lights go down.
During Stage 2 (N2), one way the body enters a more subdued state is by...(3 possible answers)
During N2, the body enters a more subdued state by:
i. Muscles more relaxed
ii. Body temperature drops
iii. Slower breathing and heart rate
What is the information processing theory? (2 part defintition)
1. We organize and process our memories as we sleep.
2. Our dreams, which often contain elements from what we experienced that day, are a byproduct of that process.
What is the Brain Processing Theory?
(sleep helps consolidate our memories)
The Brain Processing Theory says:
Sleep is necessary for neural reorganization and growth of the brain's structure and function.
(Dreams)
What is another name for the the Information Processing theory?
The Problem-Solving Theory
Which sleep structure becomes increasingly active during REM sleep?
The amygdala
What are 3 things that help explain what Circadian Rhythms are?
1. Circadian rhythms are physical, mental, and behavioral changes that follow a 24-hour cycle.
2. Circadian rhythms respond primarily to changes in light and temperature.
3. The SCN plays a big role in regulating our circadian rhythms.
A criticism of Activation-Synthesis Theory is that it does not explain..?
Why we experience meaningful dreams.
What sleep theory is this quote describing?
“all the stuff we've burned up during the day, we restore, we replace, we rebuild during the night.” - Russel Foster
The Restorative Theory
(Sleep Cycles)
How long does Stage 1 (N1) typically last?
N1 typically lasts 1-7 minutes
What does SCN stand for?
suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)
How does the brain know when it is time to sleep?
In response to light, the SCN causes the pineal gland to adjust melatonin production, thus modifying our feelings of sleepiness.
Who developed the Wish-Fulfillment Theory?
Sigmund Freud
According to the Brain Processing Theory, What happens to sleep deprived individuals when they try to learn a task?
According to the Brain Processing Theory, sleep helps learning and memory. Therefore,
A sleep-deprived person cannot focus attention optimally and therefore cannot learn efficiently.
(Unit 1)
What is the cerebral cortex also known as?
A. Lizard Brain
B. Dog Brain
C. Human Brain
C. Human Brain