Foundations
Which geographic feature best describes most of the Arabian Peninsula?
A) Dense forests
B) Mountainous tundra
C) Desert with limited fertile land
D) Large river valleys
C) Desert with limited fertile land
Which of the following is NOT one of the Five Pillars of Islam?
A) Shahada
B) Salah
C) Dharma
D) Zakat
C) Dharma
After Muhammad’s death in 632 CE, which two early caliphates led major territorial expansion?
A) Ottoman and Safavid
B) Rashidun and Umayyad
C) Abbasid and Mughal
D) Byzantine and Sassanid
B) Rashidun and Umayyad
Which city became the major Abbasid center of learning during the Golden Age?
A) Cairo
B) Cordoba
C) Baghdad
D) Istanbul
C) Baghdad
Who conquered Constantinople in 1453?
A) Suleiman the Magnificent
B) Mehmed II
C) Babur
D) Saladin
B) Mehmed II
What is the name of the migration Muhammad and his followers made from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE?
The Hijrah
How many times a day are Muslims expected to pray (Salah)?
Five times a day
By the early 700s CE, from which region to which region did the Islamic world stretch?
From Spain (Iberian Peninsula) to Central Asia.
Name one mathematical contribution from the Islamic Golden Age mentioned in the slides.
Algebra or Trigonometry
What happened to the Hagia Sophia after the Ottoman conquest of Constantinople?
It was converted into a mosque
Which city was a major pilgrimage site before and during early Islam because of the Ka'ba?
A) Damascus
B) Jerusalem
C) Mecca
D) Baghdad
C) Mecca
According to Islamic belief, from whom did Muhammad receive his revelations?
A) Archangel Gabriel
B) Apostle Paul
C) Archangel Azrael
D) Imam Ali
A) Archangel Gabriel
Which factor was NOT listed as a reason for rapid Islamic expansion?
A) Strong, organized armies
B) Weakness of Byzantine and Persian empires
C) Desire for territory, wealth, and trade control
D) A formal global alliance system
D) A formal global alliance system
Who wrote The Canon of Medicine and influenced European medical studies for centuries?
A) Al-Ma’mun
B) Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
C) Averroes (Ibn Rushd)
D) Al-Razi
B) Avicenna (Ibn Sina)
Which event in 732 CE halted further Muslim advance into parts of Europe?
A) Battle of Tours
B) Fall of Granada
C) First Crusade
D) Sack of Constantinople
A) Battle of Tours
Name two roles Muhammad held in Medina after the Hijrah. (List two)
Military, Political, and Religious Leader
List the three sources of authority in Islam in the order presented in the slides.
Allah → Qur’an → Sunna.
Name two regions or areas conquered by Muslim armies during early expansion (choose any two).
Central Asia; North Africa; Byzantine Empire; Persian Empire; Arabian Peninsula
Give two examples of how scholars during the Golden Age preserved and expanded knowledge.
Translating Greek/Persian/Indian works; hospitals and medical texts; astronomy; preserving philosophy.
Define the Reconquista.
The centuries-long process where Christian kingdoms reconquered Muslim territories in Iberia, ending in 1492.
Explain how trade through Arabia influenced the rise of Islam.
Trade routes connected Arabia to larger empires and allowed ideas and goods to move. Merchants and pilgrims helped spread Islam.
Describe what Shari’a is and give two areas of life it addresses.
Shari’a is Islamic law from the Qur’an and Sunna. It covers religious practice, family law, business, conduct, and relationships.
Explain the main effects of Islamic military expansion on language, trade, and cultural exchange.
Arabic became the default language of government, education, and trade.
Choose one Golden Age figure and summarize their main contribution and long-term impact.
Avicenna wrote The Canon of Medicine, influencing medical education for centuries. Al-Razi defined the differences between diseases. Al-Ma'mun expanded the House of Wisdom and supported scientific research. Averroes helped transmit Greek philosophy to Europe
Describe two long-term effects of Europe’s response to Islamic expansion on trade and knowledge.
Conflict and contact between Europe and the Islamic world transformed European trade, knowledge, politics, and culture.