Speed Calculations
What is the formula for average speed.
Answer: distance ÷ time
Velocity includes speed and this additional factor.
Answer: direction
Balanced forces cause this change in motion.
Answer: no change (the object stays at rest or moves at constant speed)
What describes how quickly an object changes its velocity.
Answer: acceleration
This law explains why you move forward when a car suddenly stops.
Answer: Newton’s First Law
A runner travels 400 meters in 80 seconds. What is their speed?
Answer: 5 m/s
A car traveling 30 m/s north changes direction but not speed. What changes—speed, velocity, or both?
Answer: velocity
Unbalanced forces create this effect on an object.
Answer: acceleration / a change in motion
According to Newton’s Second Law, doubling the net force will have what effect on acceleration if mass stays the same?
Answer: doubling the acceleration
This law explains how rockets lift off by pushing exhaust gases downward.
Answer: Newton’s Third Law
A car travels 150 km in 3 hours. What is its average speed?
Answer: 50 km/h
The length of the actual path traveled is called...
Answer: distance
A book sitting still on a table demonstrates what type of force?
Answer: balanced forces
If the same force is applied to a larger mass, what happens to the acceleration?
Answer: acceleration decreases
Seatbelts in vehicles protect passengers because they counteract this law.
Answer: Newton’s First Law (law of inertia)
If a bicyclist rides 12 miles in 0.5 hours, what is their speed?
Answer: 24 mph
What is acceleration?
Answer: change in speed divided by time
What explains why a person's body continues to move after a car slams on the breaks?
Answer: inertia
A student pushes a 12 kg cart with a force of 36 N. What acceleration will the cart experience?
Answer: 3 m/s²
A football player pushing off the ground to sprint is an example of which law at work?
Answer: Newton’s Third Law
A swimmer races down a 50m pool in 28 seconds and then returns in 32 seconds. What is the swimmer’s overall average speed?
Answer: 1.67 m/s
(50m + 50m) ÷ (28s + 32s)
100m ÷ 60 s = 1.67 m/s
A student rides their bike 50m south, 50m north, and then 100m west in two minutes. What is their displacement and velocity?
Answer: displacement is 100m west, and velocity is 100 m/s west.
A hockey puck slides across very smooth ice and eventually slows down and stops.
If Newton’s First Law says an object in motion stays in motion, explain why the puck stops.
Friction on the ice eventually slows and stops the puck.
A car has a mass of 700 kg and accelerates at 8 m/s2. Use Newton’s Second Law to calculate the net force acting on the car.
Answer: 5600N
Describe how all three laws act together during a roller coaster launch.
Answer: First Law—passengers resist motion at first; Second Law—large force causes rapid acceleration; Third Law—car pushes on track and track pushes back