Show:
2.1 Perception and 2.2 Thinking, Problem Solving,...
2.3 Intro to Memory and 2.4 Encoding Memories
2.5 Storing Memories and 2.6 Retrieving Memories
2.7 Forgetting and 2.8 Intelligence and Achievement
Psychological Studies and Other Concepts
100
A mental framework that helps individuals organize, interpret, and process information based on prior knowledge and experiences

What are schemas?

100

memory-enhancing technique that associates complex, new information with simpler, well-known information in order to recall it more easily

What is a mnemonic device?

100

Memory system for recalling personal experiences

What is autobiographical memory?

100

incorporating misleading information into one’s memory of an event

What is the misinformation effect?

100
variable that is manipulated by researchers

What is the independent variable?

200

Perceptual principles closure, figure and ground, proximity, and similarity

What are the Gestalt Principles?

200

Level of processing that focuses on the meaning of words, creating association with existing knowledge, such as putting the word into a sentence

What is semantic?

200
Memory that can store only a small amount of information for a short period of time

What is short-term memory?

200

where you feel a memory is just out of reach, often recalling partial details

What is the tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon?

200

variable that is measured

What is the dependent variable?

300
When we look for evidence that confirms our pre-existing expectations

What is a confirmation bias?

300

Process by which synaptic connections between neurons become stronger with frequent activation

What is long-term potentiation?
300

Phenomenon where repeated testing practice improves scores.

What is the testing effect?

300

Leads to viewing effort as pointless, avoiding challenges, fearing failure, and giving up easily

What is a fixed mindset?

300

ethical consideration where we do not know the identity of a person being studied

What is anonymity?

400
Mental shortcuts that can lead to errors in judgement. Examples include representativeness and availability.

What is a heuristic?

400

Phenomenon where items at the beginning of a list are easier to remember

What is the primacy effect?

400
Process of memory retrieval that is enhanced when people are in the same environment

What is context-dependent memory?

400

disruption of memory that occurs when previously learned information interferes with the learning of new information

What is proactive interference?

400

sampling technique where researchers select participants based on their immediate, easy availability and proximity

What is convenience sampling?

500

relative clarity, relative size, texture gradient, linear perspective, and interposition are examples of this

What are monocular depth cues?

500

The method of practice that is more effective for encoding memories for later recall

What is distributed practice?

500

Remembering without cues

What is recall?

500

Challenges the notion that IQ is purely genetic and demonstrates that environmental factors play a major role in cognitive development

What is the Flynn Effect?
500

characteristic of data that indicates that what is being measured is not due to chance

What is statistical significance?