Periodic Table Facts
What is the Periodic Table?
It is a chart containing all of the known elements in the universe.
I'm a hard, lustrous solid with a high melting point. I'm an excellent conductor of electricity and heat. I'm very dense and can be stretched into wires without breaking. I'm used in jewelry and coins. What am I: a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal?
I am a Metal.
Specifically Gold is being described.
Name the family, number of valence electrons, and common ion charge for Sodium (Na).
Family: Alkali Metal
Number of Valence Electrons: 1
Charge: +1
What is effective nuclear charge?
It is the net positive charge experienced by an electron representing the actual nuclear pull after accounting for the "shielding effect" of inner-shell electrons.
Which element has the highest ionization energy?
A) Lithium (Li)
B) Beryllium (Be)
C) Boron (B)
D) Carbon (C)
D) Carbon
Ionization energy increase left to right. It increases bottom to top.
Order these elements from smallest to largest atomic radius:
Argon (Ar), Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Krypton (Kr)
Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton
He, Ne, Ar, Kr
What type of element makes up the majority of the Periodic Table?
Metals make up a majority of the P.T.
I'm a colorless gas at room temperature. I don't conduct electricity, and I have a very low boiling point. Plants need me to survive, and I make up about 21% of Earth's atmosphere. What am I: a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal?
I am a Nonmetal.
Specifically Oxygen is being described.
Name the family, number of valence electrons, and common ion charge for Fluorine (F).
Family Options: Nonmetal or Halogen
Number of Valence Electrons: 7
Charge: -1
What is the shielding effect?
Valence electrons experience coulombic repulsion from nearby core electrons, offsetting some attraction between valence electrons and the nucleus. Because of this, valence electrons do not experience the full pull of the nucleus at that distance.
Which element has the highest electron affinity?
A) Nitrogen (N)
B) Oxygen (O)
C) Fluorine (F)
D) Neon (Ne)
C) Fluorine
Electron Affinity increases left to right. It increases bottom to top. Noble Gases have a positive electron affinity.
Order these elements from lowest to highest electronegativity:
Fluorine (F), Carbon (C), Oxygen (O) Nitrogen (N),
Carbon, Nitrogen, Oxygen, Fluorine
C, N, O, F
Periods and groups exist on the Periodic Table.
Which one has properties that change? Which one has properties that are similar?
Periods (Row) - properties change
Group (Column) - properties are similar
I'm a brittle solid at room temperature with a dull appearance. I'm a semiconductor, which means I'm not a good conductor but not a complete insulator either. I'm commonly used in computer chips and solar panels. What am I: a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal?
I am a Metalloid.
Specifically Silicon is being described.
Name the family, number of valence electrons, and common ion charge for Arsenic (As).
Family Options: Metalloid or Nitrogen Family
Number of Valence Electrons: 5
Charge: -3
Coulombic Attraction has 2 factors: Magnitude of charge and Distance between particles.
Which is a dominant factor? Which is the non-dominant factor?
Magnitude of charge: non-dominant factor
Distance between particles: dominant factor
Which element has the highest electronegativity?
A) Fluorine (F)
B) Chlorine (Cl)
C) Bromine (Br)
D) Iodine (I)
A) Fluorine
Electronegativity increases bottom to top. It increases left to right. Most Noble Gases do not have an electronegativity value.
Order these elements from lowest to highest ionization energy:
Calcium (Ca), Titanium (Ti), Potassium (K), Scandium (Sc),
Potassium, Calcium, Scandium, Titanium
K, Ca, Sc, Ti
What information is on most Periodic Tables?
(There are 4 to name)
atomic number
symbol
element name
average atomic mass
I'm a colorless, odorless gas at room temperature. I'm an element with very high electronegativity. I don't conduct electricity, and I have an extremely low boiling point. I make up most of Earth's atmosphere. What am I: a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal?
I am a Nonmetal.
Specifically Nitrogen is being described.
Name the family, number of valence electrons, and common ion charge for Nickel (Ni).
Family: Transition Metal
Number of Valence Electrons: 2
Charge: +2
Does Sulfur or Aluminium have a HIGHER effective nuclear charge?
Think about the equation we learned.
Sulfur has a higher effective nuclear charge.
Z(eff) = Z - S
S = 16 - 10 = +6
Al = 13 - 10 = +3
Which element has the largest atomic radius?
A) Sodium (Na)
B) Magnesium (Mg)
C) Aluminum (Al)
D) Silicon (Si)
A) Sodium
Atomic radius increases right to left. It increases top to bottom.
Order these cations from smallest to largest ionic radius:
Li⁺, Rb⁺, K⁺, Na⁺
Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺, Rb⁺
How is the Periodic Table organized?
It is organized by atomic number and energy level.
I'm a shiny, reddish solid that conducts electricity well. I'm very malleable and ductile, so I can be drawn into wires and shaped into pipes. I have a high melting point and I'm often used in electrical wiring. What am I: a metal, metalloid, or nonmetal?
I am a Metal.
Specifically Copper is being described.
Name the family, number of valence electrons, and common ion charge for Uranium (U).
Family Options: Inner Transition Metal or Actinide Family
Number of Valence Electrons: 2
Charge: +2
Use the equation we learned in class to calculate the effective nuclear charge for Germanium (Ge).
Z(eff) = Z -S
Ge = 32 - 28 = +4
Which element has the largest ionic radius as an anion (negative ion)?
A) F⁻
B) Cl⁻
C) Br⁻
D) I⁻
D) I-
Anion size increases top to bottom. Anion size increases right to left.
Cation size increases top to bottom. Cation size increases left to right.
Order these elements from lowest to highest electronegativity:
Rubidium (Rb), Bromine (Br), Oxygen (O), Iodine (I)
Rubidium, Iodine, Bromine, Oxygen
Rb, I, Br, O