WHO
Who was the key ruler of the Byzantine Empire?
Justinian
What was the Justinian Code?
set of Roman laws revised by Justinian to reflect Christian beliefs
When did Rome fall?
476 CE
Where was the capital of the Byzantine Empire?
Constantinople
Why did Justinian build the Hagia Sophia?
to solidify his power after the Nika Riots
Who was Theodora?
Justinian's wife, adviser, co-empress
What were the Nika Riots?
632 riots over heavy taxes under Justinian; after riots, Justinian rebuilt city and Hagia Sophia
When did the Byzantine Empire officially start?
476 CE
Where was the House of Wisdom located?
Baghdad
Why were the early Islamic caliphates so successful in expanding territory?
religious tolerance; loyalty from armies, conquered nobles; relentless conquerors (ex: Banquet of Blood)
Who founded Islam in the late 6th century?
Prophet Muhammad
What are FOUR main achievements of the Tang and Song dynasties?
1. printing
2. magnetic compass
3. champa rice/rice cultivation
4. gunpowder
When did the Abbasids come to power?
750 CE
Where did the Nika Riots take place?
Hippodrome
Why were the Tang and Song dynasties politically stable?
government structured around Confucianism
Who was the first key emperor of the Tang Dynasty?
Taizong
What Islamic practice came through the 713 treaty with Spain?
religious tolerance
When did the Tang Dynasty start and end?
618-906
Where did the Islamic caliphates originate?
Arabian Peninsula
Why was rice cultivation such an important development?
agricultural surplus --> economic growth, population growth
Who did the Abbasids remove from power?
Umayyads
What did the Islamic caliphates use to ensure loyalty among their armies and conquered nobles?
stipends/bribes in exchange for loyalty, converting to Islam
When did the Song Dynasty start and end?
960-1279
Where was Tang and Song trade based?
Silk Roads
Why was the House of Wisdom so important?
center of learning, innovation
mathematics, engineering, astrology, translation of classic works