People
"Can't step in the same river twice"
Heraclitus
This term describes belief in a single, all-powerful God.
Monotheism
What is Nihilism?
It denies meaning, purpose, and absolute moral values
This branch of philosophy studies the nature of being and existence
Ontology
According to John Locke, what is the mind at birth?
Blank slate
This philosopher believed reality was a single, unchanging substance and identified it with God or nature.
Spinoza
Also known as Ockham's Razor, this principle states that the simplest explanation is often the best.
Parsimony
The philosophy emphasizes living simply, rejecting materialism, and valuing virtue over societal norms.
Cynicism
This theory in cognitive science maps the complex network of neural connections in the brain.
Connectome
He argued that the human mind actively organizes sensory input, meaning that we never perceive things “as they are” (noumena), but rather as they appear to us (phenomena).
This form of atheism asserts the nonexistence of any deities
Strong atheism
Ayn Rand strongly criticizes collectivist philosophies. What term does she use to describe the act of prioritizing group needs over individual needs, which she sees as destructive to freedom and creativity?
Altruism
In his later years, his exploration of this concept led him to reject the Russian Orthodox Church, advocating instead for a more personal, non-dogmatic approach to spirituality.
Leo Tolstoy
This paradox challenges the concept of an all-powerful being by asking whether it can create a rock so heavy that it cannot lift it
omnipotent paradox
This belief suggests that people are free to shape their existence without relying on divine guidance or external values.
Atheistic existentialism
This approach within cognitive science suggests that certain mental phenomena might be beyond human comprehension, due to limitations in our cognitive abilities. What is this approach called?
New Mysterianism
He sharply criticized organized religion, which he saw as corrupt, superstitious, and an impediment to reason and progress.
Voltaire
"The attainment of happiness is the ultimate goal of human existence."
Al-Farabi
This argument questions how an all-knowing, all-powerful deity can coexist with human autonomy.
Free will
This school of thought, founded by Aristippus of Cyrene, taught that the ultimate goal of life is the pursuit of immediate, physical pleasures, considering them the highest form of good.
Cyrenaic Hedonism