The Transatlantic Slave Trade
What is the Middle Passage?
The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic
Which labor-intensive crop dominated the economy of the southern United States?
Cotton
What is an example of passive resistance by enslaved people?
Slowing down work
Name one prominent Black abolitionist from the 19th century.
Harriet Tubman, Fredrick Douglas etc
A successful slave-led revolution that established Haiti as an independent nation.
Haitian Revolution
What was the primary destination for enslaved Africans during the transatlantic slave trade?
The Americas, particularly Brazil and the Caribbean
What were the conditions like for enslaved people on plantations?
Harsh, with long hours, physical abuse
What was the Stono Rebellion?
A 1739 slave revolt in South Carolina
What were "Negro spirituals," and what purpose did they serve?
Religious songs that provided hope and often contained hidden messages
Who was Nat Turner, and what did he lead?
A leader of a violent slave rebellion in Virginia in 1831
Which African region (North, East, etc) provided the largest number of enslaved people during the trade?
West Africa
What was the impact of the Haitian Revolution on enslaved populations in the Americas?
It inspired enslaved people to resist and heightened fears among slaveholders of similar uprisings
Name one form of cultural resistance among enslaved people
Preserving African traditions, spirituality, music, or language.
What was the role of Black churches in resistance?
They were centers for organizing and fostering solidarity
How did the American Revolution influence enslaved people’s desire for freedom?
Its ideals of liberty and equality inspired enslaved people to seek their own freedom
What percentage of enslaved Africans did not survive the Middle Passage?
15%
What were the consequences of Nat Turner’s Rebellion in 1831?
Stricter laws were enacted to limit the freedoms of enslaved people
What were maroon communities?
Settlements of escaped enslaved people
What was the importance of the Underground Railroad to Black communities?
It was a network that helped enslaved people escape to freedom, often supported by Black abolitionists.
What was the Fugitive Slave Act, and why did it lead to increased resistance?
A law that required escaped enslaved people to be returned to their owners, fueling abolitionist efforts
How did African leaders sometimes participate in the transatlantic slave trade?
Some sold captives from rival groups or war prisoners to European traders.
The transatlantic slave trade route included what continents?
Europe, Africa, and the Americas
What case highlighted was the successful revolt by enslaed Africans on a ship?
Amistad
Harriet Tubman was famously associated with?
Leading enslaved individuals to freedom with the Underground Railroad
What did the Declaration of Independence mean for enslaved people?
While it proclaimed liberty, it did not apply to enslaved people