Population Distribution & Density
What term describes where people are located or spread across a geographic area?
Population distribution
What demographic measure represents the average number of children a woman is expected to have during her reproductive years?
Total Fertility Rate (TFR)
In which DTM stage are both birth rates and death rates high, resulting in little long-term population growth?
Stage 1
A country's population pyramid has a narrow base and increasingly large older cohorts. What major demographic challenge is the country likely to face?
An aging population / rising elderly dependency
Higher wages, political stability, and better healthcare attract a migrant to another country. What kind of migration factors are these?
Pull factors
A large population is concentrated along a river running through an otherwise dry region. What physical factor most directly explains this pattern?
Access to freshwater/fertile soil
A country has a CBR of 28 and a CDR of 8. What is its Rate of Natural Increase?
2%
A country improves sanitation, nutrition, and healthcare. Death rates fall rapidly while birth rates remain high. Which DTM stage is it entering?
Stage 2
Name the two major demographic changes that commonly cause a population to age.
Lower fertility and longer life expectancy
A family moves to a city because relatives who migrated there earlier tell them about jobs and help them find housing. What type of migration is this?
Chain migration
A geographer wants to measure the pressure a population places on its productive farmland. Which type of population density should be used?
Physiological density
If a country's RNI increases from 0.7% to 2.1%, what will generally happen to its doubling time?
It will become shorter.
Birth rates, death rates, and total population on the DTM can be used as indicators of what broader change occurring in a country over time?
Its level of social and economic development
A country with extremely low birth rates begins providing free childcare, paid parental leave, and cash payments for newborns. What type of policy is this?
Pronatalist policy
Herders move livestock seasonally between highland and lowland pastures without permanently relocating. What type of migration is this?
Transhumance
A country has a low arithmetic density but very high physiological density. What does this suggest about the country?
Much of its land is not arable, so the population places heavy pressure on a relatively small amount of farmland.
What demographic measure counts the number of deaths of children under age one per 1,000 live births and can indicate healthcare and living conditions?
Infant Mortality Rate (IMR)
Malthus predicted food production would fail to keep up with population. What major development helped prevent his prediction from occurring as expected in Europe?
Agricultural mechanization/technology increased food production.
A community has a very large elderly population and relatively few working-age adults. Name one public service likely to experience greater demand.
Healthcare, elder care, or retirement services
A migrant plans to move to another country but is stopped by a closed border. Another migrant planned to travel farther but accepts a good job in a city along the way. Identify the two concepts.
Closed border = intervening obstacle; job = intervening opportunity
Country X and Country Y both have 40 million people. X has 80,000 km² of arable land; Y has 200,000 km². Which country has greater pressure on farmland, and which density measure reveals this?
Country X; physiological density
Country A has an RNI of 2.8% and GII of 0.55. Country B has an RNI of 0.3% and GII of 0.08. Which country would likely have the shorter doubling time, and which has greater gender inequality?
Country A for both.
A geographer argues that population growth may create shortages of water, energy, land, and other finite resources, even if enough food can be produced. Which perspective does this best represent?
Neo-Malthusianism
A country's population pyramid shows a very large bulge of working-age men, but no similar bulge among women. What migration pattern could best explain this?
A large male guest-worker population
Person A is 24, single, and recently graduated. Person B is 58, married, owns a home, and has worked at the same company for 25 years. Based on typical migration patterns, who is more likely to migrate, and why?
Person A; younger, single adults generally have fewer ties and are more mobile.