Exploration and People
This Spanish explorer led the conquest of the Aztec Empire
Hernán Cortés
These were Spanish military bases intended to protect missions and settlers.
Presidios
The transfer of plants, animals, and diseases between the Americas and Europe/Africa is called this.
Columbian Exchange
This settlement established by La Salle’s expedition became a French foothold in Texas.
Fort St. Louis
The Spanish word for the land that later became the Mexican state and the name used for the region that includes modern Texas.
Tejas (Texas)
This French explorer’s failed colony led to Spanish efforts to strengthen East Texas.
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle
Spanish religious centers aiming to convert Native peoples and teach Spanish ways.
Missions
This 1680 uprising forced the Spanish out of New Mexico for over a decade
Pueblo Revolt
Consider the map of Central and West Texas settlements: name two physical factors that influenced settlement locations. (List two)
access to water (rivers), fertile soil, protection (elevation), proximity to trade routes
This term describes the act of rising up against authority; used for a major Native uprising in the Southwest.
Revolt (or Revolution where appropriate)
Name the Spaniard who lived among Texas Indians for about eight years in the 1500s.
Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
The Spanish term meaning “Royal Road,” the route linking East Texas missions to Mexico City.
El Camino Real
A 1700s conflict called the “Chicken War” caused the Spanish to make this short-term decision about East Texas missions.
They temporarily abandoned East Texas
Which East Texas mission-presidio complex served as Spain’s capital in the region near the Sabine River?
Los Adaes (or the presidio at Los Adaes)
The general name used for Spanish colonial forts and military posts.
Presidios
This Aztec ruler faced the arrival of Cortés and the Spanish.
Moctezuma II
The first organized civil government in Spanish Texas was established at this town
San Antonio
Why did many Native American populations suffer heavy losses after European contact?
Native Americans had no prior exposure to Old World diseases leading to high mortality
Which agreement nearly doubled the size of the United States and affected Spanish territorial concerns?
The Louisiana Purchase
Name the economic and cultural exchange that moved plants like wheat to the Americas and maize to Europe.
Columbian Exchange
These Spanish soldiers and adventurers sought gold, glory, and land across the Americas.
Conquistadores.
Spanish ranch workers, often on horseback, responsible for herding cattle.
Vaqueros.
How did the arrival of other European powers in North America affect Spain’s colonization efforts?
Spain had to compete with other nations for control of territory and resources.
Identify the oldest Hispanic settlement in Texas among these: San Antonio, El Paso, Ysleta, Nacogdoches.
Ysleta
The title used for the Aztec emperor at the time of Cortés’s arrival.
Moctezuma II